- 安装可以直接在 github 上找到 installer, 当前 version 1.8
- 本博客参考书主要为 Docker基础与实战, 并结合网上的常见问题以及解决方案.
,
基本操作
检查版本
bash-3.2$ docker version
Client:
Version: 1.8.0
API version: 1.20
Go version: go1.4.2
Git commit: XXXXXX
Built: Tue Aug 11 17:17:40 UTC 2015
OS/Arch: darwin/amd64
Server:
Version: 1.8.0
API version: 1.20
Go version: go1.4.2
XXXX使用 search 命令搜索镜像
bash-3.2$ docker search ubuntu
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
ubuntu Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating s... 6276 [OK]
rastasheep/ubuntu-sshd Dockerized SSH service, built on top of of... 91 [OK]
ubuntu-upstart Upstart is an event-based replacement for ... 74 [OK]
neurodebian NeuroDebian provides neuroscience research... 37 [OK]
32bit/ubuntu Ubuntu for i386 (32bit) 30
...使用 pull 命令下载 Ubuntu Linux 镜像
bash-3.2$ docker pull ubuntu:latest
latest: Pulling from library/ubuntu
02658b5e0e10: Pull complete
5a70b1a02339: Pull complete
0f89582aebaa: Pull complete
ffa5309fe008: Pull complete
7510bd34aee9: Pull complete
dc8dd8718e57: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:8e6b67faf44a036a18b9a3987e826fe3accbd1742e219145a461a3210a9d8142
Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest
使用 images 命令列出镜像目录
bash-3.2$docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
ubuntu latest dc8dd8718e57 3 weeks ago 119.2 MB
hello-world latest f054dc87ed76 4 weeks ago 1.84 kB使用 run 命令创建一个容器进入系统
bash-3.2$ docker run -i -t --name hello ubuntu /bin/bash
root@81bbf07ca806:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
root@81bbf07ca806:/# exit
exit使用 ps 命令查看容器列表
bash-3.2$ docker ps # 查看活跃的
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9ce00dac39bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp webserver
81bbf07ca806 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 28 minutes ago Up 16 minutes ubuntu
bash-3.2$ docker ps -a # 查看所有的
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9ce00dac39bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp webserver
81bbf07ca806 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 28 minutes ago Up 16 minutes ubuntu
b4c7ba6a7bf7 hello-world "/hello" 39 minutes ago Exited (0) 39 minutes ago desperate_stallman
35ca3df8f038 hello-world "/hello" 39 minutes ago Exited (0) 39 minutes ago cranky_pasteur使用 stop 和 start 命令关闭和启动容器
bash-3.2$ docker stop ubuntu
ubuntu
bash-3.2$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9ce00dac39bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 21 minutes ago Up 21 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp webserver
bash-3.2$ docker start ubuntu
ubuntu
bash-3.2$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9ce00dac39bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 22 minutes ago Up 22 minutes 0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp webserver
81bbf07ca806 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 32 minutes ago Up 3 seconds ubuntu
bash-3.2$
使用 attach 命令连接容器
bash-3.2$ docker start ubuntu
ubuntu
bash-3.2$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
81bbf07ca806 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 37 minutes ago Up 5 seconds ubuntu
bash-3.2$ docker attach ubuntu
root@81bbf07ca806:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
root@81bbf07ca806:/# exit
exit使用 exec 命令从外部运行容器内的命令
- 当前容器正以/bin/bash 形式处于运行状态,也可以不通过/bin/bash 而从外部运行容器内的命令
bash-3.2$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
bash-3.2$ docker exec ubuntu echo "Hello ubuntu"
Error response from daemon: Container ubuntu is not running
bash-3.2$ docker start ubuntu # 必须处于运行状态
ubuntu
bash-3.2$ docker exec ubuntu echo "Hello ubuntu"
Hello ubuntu比较有用的,
attach方式有比较大的局限性，如果容器中有程序正在执行，通过docker attach进入之后是不能执行操作的，而且一个终端退出之后整个container就终止了。所以还是直接用 exec吧, ^_^.
bash-3.2$ docker ps | awk '{print $1, $2, $3, $4}'
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND
80b67ff7a440 hello:0.1 "nginx" About
bash-3.2$ docker exec -i -t 80b67ff7a440 bash
root@80b67ff7a440:/etc/nginx# ls
conf.d fastcgi.conf fastcgi_params koi-utf koi-win mime.types nginx.conf proxy_params scgi_params site-enable sites-available sites-enabled snippets uwsgi_params win-utf
root@80b67ff7a440:/etc/nginx#参数说明:
Usage: docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
Run a command in a running container
-d, --detach Detached mode: run command in the background
--detach-keys Specify the escape key sequence used to detach a container
--help Print usage
-i, --interactive Keep STDIN open even if not attached
--privileged Give extended Linux capabilities to the command
-t, --tty Allocate a pseudo-TTY
-u, --user= Username or UID (format: <name|uid>[:<group|gid>])bash-3.2$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
80b67ff7a440 hello:0.1 "nginx" About an hour ago Up 3 seconds 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp hello-nginx
使用 rm 命令删除容器
bash-3.2$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9ce00dac39bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 34 minutes ago Exited (0) 9 minutes ago webserver
81bbf07ca806 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 44 minutes ago Up About a minute ubuntu
b4c7ba6a7bf7 hello-world "/hello" 55 minutes ago Exited (0) 55 minutes ago desperate_stallman
35ca3df8f038 hello-world "/hello" 55 minutes ago Exited (0) 55 minutes ago cranky_pasteur
bash-3.2$ docker rm b4c7ba6a7bf7
b4c7ba6a7bf7
bash-3.2$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9ce00dac39bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 34 minutes ago Exited (0) 10 minutes ago webserver
81bbf07ca806 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 44 minutes ago Up About a minute ubuntu
35ca3df8f038 hello-world "/hello" 55 minutes ago Exited (0) 55 minutes ago cranky_pasteur使用 rmi 命令删除镜像 (容器和镜像的关联)
bash-3.2$ docker rmi hello-world
Error response from daemon: Conflict, cannot delete f054dc87ed76 because the container 35ca3df8f038 is using it, use -f to force
Error: failed to remove images: [hello-world]
bash-3.2$ docker rmi -f hello-world
Untagged: hello-world:latest
Deleted: f054dc87ed76d853247ffefeaeac52ccbb07d1444949ca324d04365b29c94323
Deleted: fc882b159a63d6da4646a4c54194c32fad6c9b682655993c5c39ac021c0fd367
bash-3.2$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
nginx latest 7b5ba97f8d15 6 days ago 107.5 MB
ubuntu latest dc8dd8718e57 3 weeks ago 119.2 MB
bash-3.2$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9ce00dac39bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 36 minutes ago Exited (0) 11 minutes ago webserver
81bbf07ca806 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 46 minutes ago Up 3 minutes ubuntu
35ca3df8f038 hello-world "/hello" 57 minutes ago Exited (0) 57 minutes ago cranky_pasteur
bash-3.2$ docker start 35ca3df8f038
Error response from daemon: Cannot start container 35ca3df8f038: Error getting container 35ca3df8f038f1d1d0139e72e299b9cd9497b3f0c166d627aae1f9f018d1c68b from driver aufs: error creating aufs mount to /mnt/sda1/var/lib/docker/aufs/mnt/35ca3df8f038f1d1d0139e72e299b9cd9497b3f0c166d627aae1f9f018d1c68b: invalid argument
Error: failed to start containers: [35ca3df8f038]
bash-3.2$ docker rm 35ca3df8f038
35ca3df8f038
bash-3.2$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
9ce00dac39bd nginx "nginx -g 'daemon off" 38 minutes ago Exited (0) 13 minutes ago webserver
81bbf07ca806 ubuntu "/bin/bash" 48 minutes ago Up 5 minutes ubuntu
bash-3.2$
创建 Docker 镜像
Bash 指令
- $() 将命令的执行结果量化
bash-3.2$ echo $(date)
Tue Jul 18 16:01:03 CST 2017- ${} 变量替换
$str ="World"
$echo "Hello ${str}"
Hello World也用于脚本中设置默认值, 下列示例中,若有 HELLO 变量,则直接使用,否则代入默认值 abcd
$HELLO=
$HELLO=${HeLLO-"abcd"}
$echo $HELLO由于已经有值为 NULL 的 HELLO 变量,故不会代入默认值.
下列示例中,若变量中有值,则直接使用,若值为 NULL, 则代入默认值 abcd
$HELLO=
$HELLO=${HeLLO:-"abcd"}
$echo $HELLO
abcd由于变量值为 NULL ,故代入默认值.
- if
if [$a -eq $b]; then
echo $a
fi- for
for i in $(ls)
do echo $i
donefor ((i=0;i<10;++i))
do echo $i
doneNUM=(1 2 3)
for i in ${NUM[@]}
do echo $i
done编写 Dockerfile
- Dockerfile 是 Docker镜像设置文件. Dockerfile中设置的内容会用于创建镜像
- 创建并转移到 example 目录
$mkdir example
$cd example将如下文件保存为 Dockerfile 文件
FROM ubuntu:latest
MAINTAINER Foo Bar <foo@bar.com>
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y nginx
RUN echo "\ndaemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
RUN chmod -R 777 /var/lib/nginx
VOLUME ["/data", "/etc/nginx/site-enable", "/var/log/nginx"]
WORKDIR /etc/nginx
CMD ["nginx"]
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 443上述示例基于 Ubuntu 最新版本创建 Docker 镜像,且安装 nginx 服务器
参数说明:
FROM:指定基于的基础镜像. Docker 镜像基于已创建的镜像.指令格式为<镜像名称>:<标签>
MAINTAINER: 维护者信息
RUN : 运行 shell 脚本
>> VOLUME:要与主机共享的目录.也可以在 docker run 命令中使用-v选项进行设置(后面会出现).
CMD:指定容器启动时执行的文件或 shell 脚本.
WORKDIR: 为 CMD中的可执行文件设置运行目录
EXPOSE:与主机相连的端口号
使用 build 命令创建镜像
bash-3.2$ cd example/
bash-3.2$ ls
Dockerfile
bash-3.2$ docker build --tag hello:0.1 . # 最后一个. 表示路径
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB
Step 0 : FROM ubuntu:latest
---> dc8dd8718e57
Step 1 : MAINTAINER Foo Bar <foo@bar.com>
---> Using cache
---> a5741076e53d
Step 2 : RUN echo -e "begin to build"
---> Using cache
---> 14d3a847a112
Step 3 : RUN apt-get update
---> Using cache
---> 674165c71560
Step 4 : RUN apt-get install -y nginx
...
Removing intermediate container 50bc5e7e0ec7
Successfully built 04147bc0060f
bash-3.2$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
hello 0.1 04147bc0060f 59 seconds ago 214.3 MB
nginx latest 7b5ba97f8d15 6 days ago 107.5 MB
ubuntu latest dc8dd8718e57 3 weeks ago 119.2 MB
bash-3.2$
至此, hello:0.1 镜像已经创建,下面尝试运行
bash-3.2$ mkdir macData
bash-3.2$ docker run --name hello-nginx -d -p 8080:80 -v ~/macData:/data hello:0.1
80b67ff7a44091ce1c79914a40c2736a6fae63ddb8d42499a557da6d180c40b4
bash-3.2$
参数说明:
-d选项在后台运行容器
-p 8080:80 选项将主机的8080号端口与容器的80号端口连接起来,并暴露给外部.这样设置后,连接 http:<主机 IP>:8080就可以连接到容器的80号端口
-v ~/macData:/data 选项将主机的~/macData目录连接到容器的/ data 目录.若将文件放入~/macData目录,则能从容器读取相应文件.
bash-3.2$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
80b67ff7a440 hello:0.1 "nginx" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 443/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp hello-nginx
一开始总是出不来,以为配置出错了,检查了好多遍还是没作用,后来在
极客学院找到了解决方案,是因为 docker_host 的主机 ip 不是127.0.0.1, 应该使用 boot2docker 虚拟机的 ip 来访问(如果是 linux 的系统可能会由于没有安装boot2docker虚拟机, IP 就是localhost).
bash-3.2$ boot2docker ip
192.168.59.103然后使用 192.168.59.103 作为 ip 来访问即可.
OK.
查看 Docker
分清镜像和容器,
hello:0.1==镜像 - - - - > run - - - - > hello-nginx == 容器
hello-nginx == 容器 - - - - > commit - - - - > hello:0.2==镜像
使用 history命令查看镜像历史
bash-3.2$ docker history hello:0.1
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
04147bc0060f 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c echo -e "\nBUILD OK." 0 B
175bd963d3ce 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 443/tcp 0 B
010962f92677 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80/tcp 0 B
d040b08abba1 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx"] 0 B
5626faf4ad82 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /etc/nginx 0 B
1313be469632 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) VOLUME [/data /etc/nginx/si 0 B
ce55d8eeb168 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c chmod -R 777 /var/lib/nginx 0 B
5eee21f14ebe 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c echo "\ndaemon off;" >> /etc/nginx 1.475 kB
5a32862e5c34 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c apt-get install -y nginx 56.53 MB
674165c71560 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c apt-get update 38.64 MB
14d3a847a112 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c echo -e "begin to build" 0 B
a5741076e53d 17 hours ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) MAINTAINER Foo Bar <foo@bar 0 B
dc8dd8718e57 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0 B
7510bd34aee9 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c mkdir -p /run/systemd && echo 'doc 7 B
ffa5309fe008 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c sed -i 's/^#\s*\(deb.*universe\)$/ 2.759 kB
0f89582aebaa 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* 0 B
5a70b1a02339 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c set -xe && echo '#!/bin/sh' > /u 745 B
02658b5e0e10 4 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:c251a21fbe3a651352 119.2 MB
bash-3.2$ 使用 cp 命令复制文件
docker cp <容器名称>:<路径> <主机路径>
和 scp 很像的
bash-3.2$ docker cp hello-nginx:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf ./
bash-3.2$ ls
Applications Documents Library Music Pictures VirtualBox VMs learngit nginx.conf
Desktop Downloads Movies MyJabberFiles Public example macData test
bash-3.2$ ls | grep nginx.conf
nginx.conf使用 commit 命令从容器的修改中创建镜像
- 试试新装一个 python3
bash-3.2$ docker exec -it hello-nginx bash
root@80b67ff7a440:/etc/nginx# apt-get install python3
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
dh-python file libmagic1 libmpdec2 libpython3-stdlib libpython3.5-minimal libpython3.5-stdlib libsqlite3-0 mime-support python3-minimal python3.5 python3.5-minimal
Suggested packages:
libdpkg-perl python3-doc python3-tk python3-venv python3.5-venv python3.5-doc binutils binfmt-support
The following NEW packages will be installed:
dh-python file libmagic1 libmpdec2 libpython3-stdlib libpython3.5-minimal libpython3.5-stdlib libsqlite3-0 mime-support python3 python3-minimal python3.5 python3.5-minimal
0 upgraded, 13 newly installed, 0 to remove and 10 not upgraded.
Need to get 5278 kB of archives.
After this operation, 29.4 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates/main amd64 libpython3.5-minimal amd64 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.1 [526 kB]
root@80b67ff7a440:/etc/nginx# exit- 容器内新加了 python3, 现在使用 commit 创建新的镜像
可以使用docker diff hello-nginx查看文件修改 - 镜像名称 hello:0.2, 然后正常使用 run 创建容器,一切都是这么自然.感觉和git 很像啊.
bash-3.2$ docker commit -a "Foo Bar <foo@bar.com>" -m "add python3" hello-nginx hello:0.2
36d837ee87cc95b79c35aa3343edc3adbe7888769ef030eb07333eef3e9e5f2e
bash-3.2$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
hello 0.2 36d837ee87cc 11 seconds ago 251 MB
hello 0.1 04147bc0060f 19 hours ago 214.3 MB
ubuntu latest dc8dd8718e57 4 weeks ago 119.2 MB
bash-3.2$ docker run --name hello-python3 -d -p 82:80 hello:0.2
e8127484c447db55223a255c451a5f7e635fdf12e83781d93058cf812e5914af
bash-3.2$ docker exec -it hello-python3 bash
''root@e8127484c447:/etc/nginx# python3
Python 3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23)
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> print("hello,python3")
hello,python3
>>>访问主机82端口也是正常的.
使用 inspect 命令查看详细信息
- 返回json 格式数据
bash-3.2$ docker inspect 80b67ff7a440
[
{
"Id": "80b67ff7a44091ce1c79914a40c2736a6fae63ddb8d42499a557da6d180c40b4",
"Created": "2017-07-19T01:26:29.362419085Z",
"Path": "nginx",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Running": false,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 0,
...
}]灵活使用 Docker
- 该部分搞不懂啊,才说了 git 差不多,但是怎么烦,先按书上讲的走一次流程吧
私有仓库
bash-3.2$ docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --name hello-registry -v ~/registry:/tmp/registry registry
d56699303f7f3cfc90cf0aae494297b4208d98443bd341ac958d436c701279c8
bash-3.2$ docker tag hello:0.1 localhost:5000/hello:0.1
bash-3.2$ docker push localhost:5000/hello:0.1
bash-3.2$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
hello 0.2 9138326c41e2 56 minutes ago 251 MB
hello 0.1 04147bc0060f 23 hours ago 214.3 MB
localhost:5000/hello 0.1 04147bc0060f 23 hours ago 214.3 MB
registry latest dd399a13752f 2 weeks ago 33.2 MB
ubuntu latest dc8dd8718e57 4 weeks ago 119.2 MB但是 ~/registry 目录为空,我也不知怎么回事,感觉加入仓库应该有文件啊,搞不懂????
bash-3.2$ tree registry/
registry/
0 directories, 0 files存储镜像数据到 Amazon S3
bash-3.2$ docker run -d -p 5000:5000 --name s3-registry -e SETTINGS_FLAVOR=s3 -e AWS_BUCKET=examplebucket10 -e STOPAGE_PATH=/registry -e AWS_KEY=AKIABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ -e AWS_SECRET=sF4321ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPqrstuvwxyz21345Afc registry
1bb079f113f0d5b4accc88e5a54351a69c4784690d0a1b3efec67c52491a3e43使用默认认证
etc/hosts 追加
#add for docker registry
192.168.59.103 registry.example.com- 创建私钥密码
openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048- 创建证书签名申请
- 创建服务器证书文件
root# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
Signature ok
subject=/C=KO/ST=Some-State/L=Seoul/O=Example Company/OU=Example Company/CN=registry.example.com/emailAddress=exampleuser@example.com
Getting Private key- 将 server.crt证书文件安装到系统
...- 不将证书安装到系统
先跳过这一章了, 看看怎么从官方的仓库来拉镜像
详细了解 Dockerfile
- 命令不区分大小写,一般采用大写;
- # 是注释
- 顺序执行
- 命令总是从 From开始,若无 From 命令或者 From 之前有其他命令命令,则无法创建镜像
要在 Dockerfile所在的目录使用 docker build命令
- 若想把镜像上传到 Docker Hub,只要在/之前添加用户名即可
$docker build --tag example .
$docket build -t username/imagename ..dockerignore
- 所有位于 Dockerfile目录下的文件都称为”上下文”(context).特别是在创建镜像时,由于所有上下文都会传送 Docker守护进程.
- 需要从上下文忽略某些文件时,只要采用.dockerignore文件即可.Docker 采用 Go语言编写,文件匹配也遵循 Go 语言规则
example/hello.txt
example/*.cpp
wo*
*.cpp
.git
.svn忽略上述路径下的满足匹配的文件.
From
- From <镜像> 或者 FROM<镜像>:<标签>
- 默认 latest 标签
FROM ubuntn
FROM ubuntu:14.04MAINTAINER
- MAINTAINER<创建者信息> 可省略
RUN
RUN用于在 FROM中设置的镜像上运行脚本或命令, RUN的运行结果会生成新的镜像,运行的详细信息会纪录到镜像历史(history)
使用 shell(bash/sh)运行命令
RUN apt-get insatll -y nginx RUN echo "hello DOcker" > /temp/hello无 shell 直接运行
- 使用格式为 RUN[“<可执行文件>”, “<形式参数1>”, “<形式参数2>”, …].
RUN ["apt-get", "install", "-y", "gcc"]
RUN ["/user/local/bin/hello", "--help"]CMD && ENTRYPOINT
- CMD 和 RUN 差不多
- ENTRYPOINT 用于设置容器启动时运行的脚本或命令, 即使用 docker run 命令创建容器或使用 docker start 命令启动停止的容器时执行, 如果每次启动执行,可以考虑加入 welcome 之类的标志开机啦.(但是我的测试ENTRYPOINT并没有每次 start 都运行)
EXPOSE
- EXPOSE 用于设置与主机相连的端口号
EXPOSE 80
EXPOSE 443===#一行搞定
EXPOSE 80 443ENV
- ENV用于设置环境变量.使用 ENV 设置的环境变量应用于 RUN, CMD, ENTRYPOINT.
- 使用格式 ENV <环境变量> <值>
ENV GOPATH /go>Dockerfile
ENV HELLO 1234
CMD echo $HELLO创建 Dockfile,使用 docker run 命令运行
1234但是我的测试, 有点例外
> Dockerfile
FROM ubuntu:latest
MAINTAINER icesongqiang
RUN echo -e "begin to build"
RUN apt-get update
RUN ["apt-get", "install", "-y", "gcc"]
CMD ["apt-get", "install", "-y", "python3"]
EXPOSE 80 443
RUN echo -e "\nBUILD OK."
ENV author icesongqiang
CMD echo "cmd" $author
ENTRYPOINT echo "entrypoint" $authorbash-3.2$docker build -t icesongqiang/docker-test .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB
Step 0 : M
Unknown instruction: M
bash-3.2$ vi Dockerfile
bash-3.2$ docker build -t icesongqiang/docker-test .
Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048 kB
Step 0 : FROM ubuntu:latest
---> dc8dd8718e57
Step 1 : MAINTAINER icesongqiang
---> Running in 71bf3917c5bb
---> c570c14320d2bash-3.2$ docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
icesongqiang/docker-test latest 6187194a41e1 15 hours ago 256.1 MB
icesongqiang/hello-nginx-gcc latest a74121a1faf7 15 hours ago 312.7 MBbash-3.2$ docker run --name test icesongqiang/docker-test
# cmd 未执行??
entrypoint icesongqiang
bash-3.2$ docker stop test
test
bash-3.2$ docker start test
test
bash-3.2$ docker start -i test #使用-i entrypoint打印
entrypoint icesongqiangADD && COPY
- ADD /COPY <要复制文件的路径> < 文件在镜像中的路径>
ADD hello-entrypoint.sh /entrypoint.sh
ADD hello.zip /
ADD http://example.com/hello.txt /hello.txt
ADD *.txt /root/- COPY 用于添加压缩文件时,不会解压缩; 也不能使用文件 URL
VOLUME
- 将目录下的内容存储到主机而非容器
- VOLUME[“容器目录1”, “容器目录2”, …]
VOLUME /data
VOLUME ["/data", "/var/log/hello"]若想连接数据卷与主机的特定目录,则必须在 docker run命令中使用-v选项.
- 选项格式 -v <主机目录>:<容器目录>
docker run -v ~/macdata:/root/dataUSER, WORKDIR
ONBUILB
- 将当前镜像作为基础镜像创建其他镜像时,ONBUILD 指定用于设置一些要触发(trigger)的操作.ONBUILD指定的命令在构建时并不执行,而是在其子镜像中执行.换言之,ONBUILD中定义的指令会用于其他镜像的 Dockerfile文件的 FROM 指令之后开始执行.
- ONBUILD 不会继承
ONBUILD RUN touch /hello.txt
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