Spring Cloud快速上手

原文链接:http://www.dubby.cn/detail.html?id=9005

Spring Boot

新建项目

http://start.spring.io/上面可以直接下载一个完整的Spring Boot项目,只需要选择Web依赖就足够了,然后倒入到你熟悉的IDE就可以了。

编写一个Restful接口

package com.example.demo.controller;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.actuate.metrics.CounterService;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloController.class);

    @Autowired
    private CounterService counterService;

    @RequestMapping("hello")
    public String hello() {
        counterService.increment("demo.hello");
        return "Hello, world." ;
    }

}

启动项目

Spring Boot项目有很多启动方式:
+ 直接启动main方法
+ mvn spring-boot:run
+ 打包之后,执行java -jar xxx.jar

其实还有很多细节我没有仔细介绍,因为如果展开的说,就不是一篇文章可以塞得下了。如果感兴趣的话,可以去我的https://github.com/dubby1994/spring-boot-demo上看源代码,或者关注我的微信公众号ITBusTech,或者关注我的博客http://www.dubby.cn/,或者收藏本站,我会持续更新的。

Eureka

服务注册中心

一开始可以静态配置服务信息,不过这种方式不能动态的增加服务实例,而且随着业务的发展,系统越来越复杂,这种配置会越来越难以维护,所以需要一个服务注册中心来统一管理所有的服务的信息。

服务注册中心维护着类似这么一个东西:

服务名服务信息
ACCOUNT-SERVICE127.0.0.1:8081,127.0.0.1:8082
SHOP-SERVICE127.0.0.1:8083,127.0.0.1:8084,127.0.0.1:8085

使用Netflix Eureka创建服务注册中心

首先,创建一个Spring Boot项目,参考上面的文章,不妨直接命名为eureka-server。

修改POM文件,添加必要的依赖:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>cn.dubby.sb</groupId>
    <artifactId>eureka-server</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.3.7.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Brixton.SR5</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

注意:1.4.4.RELEASE是个分界点,这之前和之后,有部分类和注解被删除了,比如@SpringApplicationConfiguration,所以如果你遇到了这种情况,不妨先把版本改成1.4.4.RELEASE,然后注意观察所有被@Deprecated的类和注解,并修复。

修改application.properties

server.port=1111

eureka.instance.hostname=localhost
eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false
eureka.client.fetch-registry=false
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

修改Application.java:

package cn.dubby.sb;

import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new SpringApplicationBuilder(Application.class).web(true).run(args);
    }

}

然后启动这个应用,那么一个服务注册中心就启动了。

真实使用的话,服务注册中心肯定是一个集群,目的当然是为了高可用,本篇文章目的是快速上手,所以就不介绍了。

看到这个就代表成功了:

注册服务

我们需要修改一下之前的那个demo的Spring Boot项目。

修改POM:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.4.RELEASE</version>
        <!--<version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>-->
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Brixton.SR5</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>


</project>

主要目的是为了加上spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server

修改HelloController.java:

package com.example.demo.controller;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.actuate.metrics.CounterService;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class HelloController {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloController.class);

    @Autowired
    private CounterService counterService;

    @Autowired
    private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;

    @RequestMapping("hello")
    public String hello() {
        counterService.increment("demo.hello");
        ServiceInstance serviceInstance = discoveryClient.getLocalServiceInstance();

        String message = "host:" + serviceInstance.getHost() + ",serviceId:" + serviceInstance.getServiceId() + ",uri:" + serviceInstance.getUri();
        logger.info(message);
        return "Hello, world." + message;
    }

}

然后在DemoApplication.java增加@EnableDiscoveryClient,激活Eureka。

package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class DemoApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
    }
}

然后修改application.properties:

server.port=8080

management.security.enabled=false
endpoints.shutdown.enabled=true

spring.application.name=demo-service
eureka.client.serviceUrl.defaultZone=http://localhost:1111/eureka/

然后启动这个应用吧,再去http://localhost:1111看看:

可以看到这个服务已经被注册成功了。

Ribbon

Ribbon是啥

Ribbon 是 Netflix 发布的云中间层服务开源项目,其主要功能是提供客户侧软件负载均衡算法,将 Netflix 的中间层服务连接在一起。

创建服务消费者

首先,还是创建一个Spring Boot项目,不妨就命名为ribbon-consumer吧。然后改一下POM文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>cn.dubby.sb</groupId>
    <artifactId>ribbon-consumer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>ribbon-consumer</name>
    <description>ribbon-consumer</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.5.6.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!--<dependency>-->
            <!--<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>-->
            <!--<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>-->
        <!--</dependency>-->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Brixton.SR5</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

主要目的为了增加spring-cloud-starter-ribbon这个依赖。

修改启动类RibbonConsumerApplication.java:

package cn.dubby.sb;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class RibbonConsumerApplication {

    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RibbonConsumerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

创建一个ConsumerController.java吧:

package cn.dubby.sb.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * Created by teeyoung on 17/8/18.
 */
@RestController
public class ConsumerController {

    @Autowired
    RestTemplate restTemplate;

    @RequestMapping(value = "ribbon-consumer", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String consumer() {
        return restTemplate.getForEntity("http://DEMO-SERVICE/hello", String.class).getBody();
    }

}

启动服务消费者

启动main方法,看到下面几张图就可以了。
注册中心:

请求消费者的controllerhttp://localhost:9000/ribbon-consumer:

OK,这时候,你可以去demo-service这个服务去看看,有没有log打出来,正常的情况下是已经可以看到log的了。这就代表你已经成功的搭起来一个最基本的Spring Cloud的应用了。

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