FFmpeg 增加自定义协议读取 Android InputStream

前言

需求背景：
1、在使用 FFmpeg 命令处理 Android assets 目录下的文件时，无法读取 assets 目录；
2、Android Q 及以上系统，使用 FFmpeg 处理时没有权限直接通过路径读取应用外文件

实现方案：
1、直接拷贝文件到应用内目录(缺点是需要做一次拷贝，如果文件大耗时较长)
2、实现 FFmpeg 自定义协议，回调到 Android 层通过 InputStream 读取流，InputStream 可以来自 assets 或 uri

一、FFmpeg 自定义实现

实际就是实现 FFmpeg 的 URLProtocol (在 ffmepg/libavformat/url.h 中定义)，FFmpeg 内部实际上已经实现了很多协议，如（见 ffmepg/libavformat/protocols.h）：

extern const URLProtocol ff_file_protocol;
extern const URLProtocol ff_ftp_protocol;
...
extern const URLProtocol ff_hls_protocol;
extern const URLProtocol ff_http_protocol;
extern const URLProtocol ff_https_protocol;
...
extern const URLProtocol ff_rtmp_protocol;
extern const URLProtocol ff_rtp_protocol;

可参考 ff_file_protocol 的实现 (在 ffmepg/libavformat/file.c 中) 来实现自定义协议 asp (android_stream_protocol)，由于只需读取操作，因此只需实现以下方法：

const URLProtocol ff_asp_protocol = {
    .name                = "asp",
    .url_open2           = asp_open,
    .url_read            = asp_read,
    .url_seek            = asp_seek,
    .url_close           = asp_close,
    .priv_data_size      = sizeof(ASPContext),
    .priv_data_class     = &asp_context_class
};

在 ffmepg/libavformat 目录下新建 android_stream_protocol.c 具体实现如下：

#include <jni.h>
#include "libavutil/avassert.h"
#include "libavutil/mem.h"
#include "libavutil/avstring.h"
#include "libavutil/internal.h"
#include "libavutil/opt.h"
#include "avformat.h"
#include "url.h"
#include "libavcodec/ffjni.h"
#include "asp_config.h"

/**
 * Author: AlanWang4523.
 * Date: 2020/11/02 17:50.
 * Mail: alanwang4523@gmail.com
 */

struct JNIStreamProtocolFields {
     jclass class_streamprotocol;
     jmethodID jmd_init;
     jmethodID jmd_open;
     jmethodID jmd_getSize;
     jmethodID jmd_read;
     jmethodID jmd_seek;
     jmethodID jmd_close;
};

struct JNIByteBufferFields {
     jclass class_byte_buffer;
     jmethodID jmd_s_allocate_direct;
};

typedef struct _ASPContext {
    const AVClass *class;
    struct JNIStreamProtocolFields jfields;
    struct JNIByteBufferFields j_buff_fields;
    jobject obj_stream_protocol;
    int64_t media_size;
    jobject obj_direct_buf;
    int jbuffer_capacity;
} ASPContext;

static const AVOption options[] = {
    { NULL }
};

static const AVClass asp_context_class = {
    .class_name = "ASP",
    .item_name  = av_default_item_name,
    .option     = options,
    .version    = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
};

#if CONFIG_ASP_PROTOCOL

// #define ASP_CLASS_PATH "com/alan/ffmpegjni4android/protocols/StreamProtocol"

static const struct FFJniField jni_stream_protocol_mapping[] = {
    { ASP_CLASS_PATH, NULL, NULL, FF_JNI_CLASS, offsetof(struct JNIStreamProtocolFields, class_streamprotocol), 1 },
    { ASP_CLASS_PATH, "<init>", "()V", FF_JNI_METHOD, offsetof(struct JNIStreamProtocolFields, jmd_init), 1 },
    { ASP_CLASS_PATH, "open", "(Ljava/lang/String;)I", FF_JNI_METHOD, offsetof(struct JNIStreamProtocolFields, jmd_open), 1 },
    { ASP_CLASS_PATH, "getSize", "()J", FF_JNI_METHOD, offsetof(struct JNIStreamProtocolFields, jmd_getSize), 1 },
    { ASP_CLASS_PATH, "read", "(Ljava/nio/ByteBuffer;II)I", FF_JNI_METHOD, offsetof(struct JNIStreamProtocolFields, jmd_read), 1 },
    { ASP_CLASS_PATH, "seek", "(JI)I", FF_JNI_METHOD, offsetof(struct JNIStreamProtocolFields, jmd_seek), 1 },
    { ASP_CLASS_PATH, "close", "()V", FF_JNI_METHOD, offsetof(struct JNIStreamProtocolFields, jmd_close), 1 },
    { NULL }
};

static const struct FFJniField jni_byte_buffer_mapping[] = {
    { "java/nio/ByteBuffer", NULL, NULL, FF_JNI_CLASS, offsetof(struct JNIByteBufferFields, class_byte_buffer), 1 },
    { "java/nio/ByteBuffer", "allocateDirect", "(I)Ljava/nio/ByteBuffer;", FF_JNI_STATIC_METHOD, offsetof(struct JNIByteBufferFields, jmd_s_allocate_direct), 1 },
    { NULL }
};

static int asp_open(URLContext *h, const char *filename, int flags)
{
    ASPContext *context = h->priv_data;
    int ret = -1;
    JNIEnv *env = NULL;
    jobject object = NULL;
    jstring file_uri = NULL;

    av_strstart(filename, "asp:", &filename);

    env = ff_jni_get_env(context);
    if (!env) {
        goto exit;
    }

    if (ff_jni_init_jfields(env, &context->jfields, jni_stream_protocol_mapping, 1, context) < 0) {
        goto exit;
    }

    if (ff_jni_init_jfields(env, &context->j_buff_fields, jni_byte_buffer_mapping, 1, context) < 0) {
        goto exit;
    }

    object = (*env)->NewObject(env, context->jfields.class_streamprotocol, context->jfields.jmd_init);
    if (!object) {
        goto exit;
    }
    context->obj_stream_protocol = (*env)->NewGlobalRef(env, object);
    if (!context->obj_stream_protocol) {
        goto exit;
    }

    file_uri = ff_jni_utf_chars_to_jstring(env, filename, context);
    if (!file_uri) {
        goto exit;
    }
    ret = (*env)->CallIntMethod(env, context->obj_stream_protocol, context->jfields.jmd_open, file_uri);
    if (ret != 0) {
        ret = AVERROR(EIO);
        goto exit;
    }

    context->media_size = (*env)->CallLongMethod(env, context->obj_stream_protocol, context->jfields.jmd_getSize);
    if (context->media_size < 0) {
        context->media_size = -1;
    }
    ret = 0;
exit:
    if (object) {
        (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, object);
    }

    if (!context->obj_stream_protocol) {
        ff_jni_reset_jfields(env, &context->jfields, jni_stream_protocol_mapping, 1, context);
    }
    return ret;
}

static jobject get_jbuffer_with_check_capacity(URLContext *h, int new_capacity)
{
    JNIEnv *env = NULL;
    ASPContext *context = h->priv_data;
    jobject local_obj;

    if (context->obj_direct_buf && context->jbuffer_capacity >= new_capacity) {
        return context->obj_direct_buf;
    }
    new_capacity = FFMAX(new_capacity, context->jbuffer_capacity * 2);

    env = ff_jni_get_env(context);
    if (!env) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (context->obj_direct_buf) {
        (*env)->DeleteGlobalRef(env, context->obj_direct_buf);
        context->jbuffer_capacity = 0;
    }

    local_obj = (*env)->CallStaticObjectMethod(env, context->j_buff_fields.class_byte_buffer,
            context->j_buff_fields.jmd_s_allocate_direct, new_capacity);

    if (!local_obj) {
        return NULL;
    }
    context->obj_direct_buf = (*env)->NewGlobalRef(env, local_obj);
    context->jbuffer_capacity = new_capacity;

    (*env)->DeleteLocalRef(env, local_obj);
    return context->obj_direct_buf;
}

static int asp_read(URLContext *h, unsigned char *buf, int size)
{
    ASPContext *context = h->priv_data;
    int ret = -1;
    JNIEnv *env = NULL;
    jobject jbuffer = NULL;
    void * p_buf_data;

    env = ff_jni_get_env(context);
    if (!env) {
        goto exit;
    }
    jbuffer = get_jbuffer_with_check_capacity(h, size);
    if (!jbuffer) {
        ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        goto exit;
    }

    ret = (*env)->CallIntMethod(env, context->obj_stream_protocol, context->jfields.jmd_read, jbuffer, 0, size);
    if (ret < 0) {
        ret = AVERROR(EIO);
        goto exit;
    }

    p_buf_data = (*env)->GetDirectBufferAddress(env, jbuffer);
    memcpy(buf, p_buf_data, ret);

    if (ret == 0) {
        ret = AVERROR_EOF;
    }
exit:
    return ret;
}

static int64_t asp_seek(URLContext *h, int64_t pos, int whence)
{
    ASPContext *context = h->priv_data;
    int ret = -1;
    JNIEnv *env = NULL;

    env = ff_jni_get_env(context);
    if (!env) {
        goto exit;
    }
    if (AVSEEK_SIZE == whence) {
        return context->media_size;
    }
    ret = (*env)->CallIntMethod(env, context->obj_stream_protocol, context->jfields.jmd_seek, pos, whence);
    if (ret != 0) {
        ret = AVERROR(EIO);
        goto exit;
    }
    ret = 0;
exit:
    return ret;
}

static int asp_close(URLContext *h)
{
    ASPContext *context = h->priv_data;
    int ret = -1;
    JNIEnv *env = NULL;

    env = ff_jni_get_env(context);
    if (!env) {
        goto exit;
    }
    (*env)->CallVoidMethod(env, context->obj_stream_protocol, context->jfields.jmd_close);

    (*env)->DeleteGlobalRef(env, context->obj_direct_buf);
    (*env)->DeleteGlobalRef(env, context->obj_stream_protocol);
    ret = 0;
exit:
    return ret;
}

const URLProtocol ff_asp_protocol = {
    .name                = "asp",
    .url_open2           = asp_open,
    .url_read            = asp_read,
    .url_seek            = asp_seek,
    .url_close           = asp_close,
    .priv_data_size      = sizeof(ASPContext),
    .priv_data_class     = &asp_context_class
};

#endif /* CONFIG_ASP_PROTOCOL */

在 asp_open 、asp_read、asp_seek、asp_close 方法中通过 jni 调用 Android 上层实现相应的方法去对 InputStream 操作。上层接口 IStreamProtocol.h 定义如下：

/**
 * Author: AlanWang4523.
 * Date: 2020/11/3 17:36.
 * Mail: alanwang4523@gmail.com
 */
@Keep
public interface IStreamProtocol {

    int SUCCESS        = 0;
    int ERROR_OPEN     = -1;
    int ERROR_GET_SIZE = -2;
    int ERROR_READ     = -3;
    int ERROR_SEEK     = -4;

    @Keep
    int open(String uriString);

    @Keep
    long getSize();

    @Keep
    int read(ByteBuffer buffer, int offset, int size);

    @Keep
    int seek(long position, int whence);

    @Keep
    void close();
}

二、编译配置

• 在 ffmpeg/libavformat/protocols.c 中导入自定义协议：

  extern const URLProtocol ff_asp_protocol;
  

• ffmpeg/libavformat/Makefile 中增加对 android_stream_protocol.c 的编译（我用 FFmepg-n4.0.2 版本，大概在 618 行）：

  OBJS-$(CONFIG_ASP_PROTOCOL)              += android_stream_protocol.o
  

• 编译配置时打开自定义协议（build_ffmpeg.sh 的 config 中）：

  ./configure \
  ...
  --disable-protocols \
  --enable-protocol=file \
  --enable-protocol=asp \
  ...
  

三、Android 上层实现

StreamProtocol.java 协议代理，ffmpeg 中实现的自定义协议会调这个类：

package com.alan.ffmpegjni4android.protocols;

import android.util.Log;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import androidx.annotation.Keep;

/**
 * Author: AlanWang4523.
 * Date: 2020/11/3 17:34.
 * Mail: alanwang4523@gmail.com
 */
@Keep
public class StreamProtocol implements IStreamProtocol {
    private static final String TAG = StreamProtocol.class.getSimpleName();

    private IStreamProtocol streamProtocol;

    @Keep
    @Override
    public int open(String uriString) {
        Log.e(TAG, "open()---->>" + uriString);
        streamProtocol = StreamProtocolFactory.create(uriString);
        if (streamProtocol == null) {
            return ERROR_OPEN;
        }
        return streamProtocol.open(uriString);
    }

    @Keep
    @Override
    public long getSize() {
        long size;
        if (streamProtocol != null) {
            size = streamProtocol.getSize();
        } else {
            size = ERROR_GET_SIZE;
        }
        Log.e(TAG, "getSize()---->>" + size);
        return size;
    }

    @Keep
    @Override
    public int read(ByteBuffer buffer, int offset, int size) {
        int result;
        if (streamProtocol != null) {
            result = streamProtocol.read(buffer, offset, size);
            if (result == -1) {
                result = 0;
            }
        } else {
            result = ERROR_READ;
        }
        return result;
    }

    @Keep
    @Override
    public int seek(long position, int whence) {
        int result = 0;
        if (streamProtocol != null) {
            result = streamProtocol.seek(position, whence);
        } else {
            result = ERROR_SEEK;
        }
        Log.e(TAG, "seek()---->>position = " + position + ", whence = " + whence);
        return result;
    }

    @Keep
    @Override
    public void close() {
        Log.e(TAG, "close()---->>");
        if (streamProtocol != null) {
            streamProtocol.close();
            streamProtocol = null;
        }
    }
}

open 方法中通过 StreamProtocolFactory 可以实现二级协议，如 asset 或 uri，StreamProtocolFactory 实现如下：

package com.alan.ffmpegjni4android.protocols;

import android.content.Context;
import android.text.TextUtils;

/**
 * Author: AlanWang4523.
 * Date: 2020/11/5 19:10.
 * Mail: alanwang4523@gmail.com
 */
public class StreamProtocolFactory {

    public final static String SCHEME_ASSET = "assets://";
    public final static String SCHEME_CONTENT = "content://";

    private static Context sAppContext;

    public static Context getAppContext() {
        return sAppContext;
    }

    public static void setAppContext(Context appContext) {
        StreamProtocolFactory.sAppContext = appContext.getApplicationContext();
    }

    public static IStreamProtocol create(String uriString) {
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(uriString)) {
            return null;
        }
        if (uriString.startsWith(SCHEME_ASSET)) {
            return new AssetStreamProtocol(sAppContext);
        } else if (uriString.startsWith(SCHEME_CONTENT)) {
            return new ContentStreamProtocol(sAppContext);
        } else {
            return new FileStreamProtocol();
        }
    }
}

真正对 InputStream 的操作在 InputStreamProtocol.java 比较有坑的地方在 seek ，FFmpeg 中 seek 有三种：

int SEEK_SET = 0;
int SEEK_CUR = 1;
int SEEK_END = 2;

InputStreamProtocol.java 的实现如下：

package com.alan.ffmpegjni4android.protocols;

import java.io.InputStream;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;

/**
 * Author: AlanWang4523.
 * Date: 2020/11/5 19:46.
 * Mail: alanwang4523@gmail.com
 */
abstract class InputStreamProtocol implements IStreamProtocol {

    private static final int SEEK_SET = 0;
    private static final int SEEK_CUR = 1;
    private static final int SEEK_END = 2;

    private InputStream mInputStream;
    private long mStreamSize = -1;
    private long mCurPosition = 0;
    private String mUriString;

    protected abstract InputStream getInputStream(String uriString);

    @Override
    public int open(String uriString) {
        mUriString = uriString;
        mInputStream = getInputStream(uriString);
        if (mInputStream == null) {
            return ERROR_OPEN;
        }
        try {
            mStreamSize = mInputStream.available();
            if (mInputStream.markSupported()) {
                mInputStream.mark((int) mStreamSize);
            }
            return SUCCESS;
        } catch (Exception ignored) {
        }
        return ERROR_OPEN;
    }

    @Override
    public long getSize() {
        return mStreamSize;
    }

    @Override
    public int read(ByteBuffer buffer, int offset, int size) {
        if (mInputStream != null) {
            try {
                buffer.clear();
                int readLen = mInputStream.read(buffer.array(), buffer.arrayOffset() + offset, size);
                mCurPosition += readLen;
                return readLen;
            } catch (Exception ignored) {
                ignored.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return ERROR_READ;
    }

    @Override
    public int seek(long position, int whence) {
        if (mInputStream != null) {
            try {
                long posNeedSeekTo = getSeekPosition(position, whence);
                long needSkipLen = posNeedSeekTo - mCurPosition;
                long skipLen;
                if (needSkipLen < 0) {
                    // 往回跳转
                    if (mInputStream.markSupported()) {
                        mInputStream.reset();
                    } else {
                        mInputStream.close();
                        mInputStream = getInputStream(mUriString);
                        if (mInputStream == null) {
                            return ERROR_SEEK;
                        }
                    }
                    mCurPosition = 0;
                    needSkipLen = posNeedSeekTo;
                }
                do {
                    skipLen = mInputStream.skip(needSkipLen);
                    mCurPosition += skipLen;
                    needSkipLen -= skipLen;
                } while (needSkipLen > 0);
                return SUCCESS;
            } catch (Exception ignored) {
            }
        }
        return ERROR_SEEK;
    }

    @Override
    public void close() {
        if (mInputStream != null) {
            try {
                mInputStream.close();
            } catch (Exception ignored) {
            }
            mInputStream = null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取需要跳转到的绝对位置
     * @param position 需要跳转
     * @param whence 跳转方式
     * @return 需要调整到的绝对位置
     */
    private long getSeekPosition(long position, int whence) {
        long posNeedSeekTo;
        if (whence == SEEK_SET) {
            posNeedSeekTo = position;
        } else if (whence == SEEK_CUR) {
            posNeedSeekTo = mCurPosition + position;
        } else if (whence == SEEK_END) {
            posNeedSeekTo = mStreamSize - position;
        } else {
            posNeedSeekTo = position;
        }
        return posNeedSeekTo;
    }
}

四、自定义协议测试

需要注意的是自定义 Android Stream 协议需要依赖 jni ，因此在执行 FFmpeg 命令前要设置 JVM，通过 ffmpeg 保存 jvm：

JavaVM * jvm;
(*env)->GetJavaVM(env, &jvm);
av_jni_set_java_vm(jvm, NULL);

调用封装的 FFmpeg jni 方法执行 FFmpeg 命令：

// 在文件前增加 asp:
String TEST_CMD_STR = "ffmpeg -i asp:/sdcard/Alan/ffmpeg/test.mp4";

// 通过定义协议处理 assets 中的文件
String TEST_CMD_STR = "ffmpeg -y -i asp:assets://test.mp4 -vcodec copy /sdcard/Alan/ffmpeg/test_out.mp4";

// 通过定义协议实现音频、视频混合
String TEST_CMD_STR = String.format(" -y -i %s -i %s -c copy %s",
            "asp:/sdcard/Alan/ffmpeg/test_video.mp4", "asp:/sdcard/Alan/ffmpeg/test_audio.m4a", "/sdcard/Alan/ffmpeg/muxer_out.mp4");

全部代码及测试 demo 见 GitHub