在Android中,每个程序都在自己的进程中运行,互不干扰.这样的好处不说了,但是带来的问题就是想要在程序之间实现数据共享,在没有其它工具的帮助下,就难以实现了.为了解决这个问题,ContentProvider就派上用场了.
一,说说ContentProvider怎么用.
1,把你想要共享出去的数据用一个URl表示出来.如:content://contacts/people/5(联系人信息中Id位5的联系人记录).或者这样也行:Uri person =ContentUris.withAppendedId(People.CONTENT_URI,5);来封装.
2,所有的Content Providers都会实现一些共同的接口,可以通过唯一的ContentResolveer来向外提供数据,冰进行一系列的增删改查;ContentResolver cr = getContentResplver();
3,cr利用定义好的uri(作为参数送给cr封装好的方法里面进行一系列的操作);
至于ContentProvider的实例化,这些不需要我们去做,系统会做这件事.对于ContentProvider,正常情况下,只需一个,但是ContentResolver可以存在多个,在不同进程中的
ContentResolver可以使用同一个ContentProvider.
二,定义自己的ContentProvider
根据我个人的理解,这作用就有点像J2EE里面的DAO的作用.
1,实现一个定义节本字段的类.示例如下:
public class NotePad
{
//ContentProvider的uri
public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.google.provider.NotePad";
private NotePad(){}
// 定义基本字段
public static final class Notes implements BaseColumns
{
private Notes(){}
public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/notes");
// 新的MIME类型-多个
public static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.google.note";
// 新的MIME类型-单个
public static final String CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.google.note";
public static final String DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER = "modified DESC";
//字段
public static final String TITLE = "title";
public static final String NOTE = "note";
public static final String CREATEDDATE = "created";
public static final String MODIFIEDDATE = "modified";
}
}
解释一下MIME类型,假如你要处理的数据类型是新的类型,就得定义一个新的MIME类型,一边ContentProvider.getType(url)来调用;
粉单个与多个;
2,创建自己的ContentProvider
如果要共享的是数据库,我们在这里可以封装一个SqlLiteOpenHelper,以便建库建表 ,对于 SqlLiteOpenHelper 用过数据库的人应该都懂,在这里就不赘述了;
然后在ContentProvider里面实现增删改查,另外如果有自定义类型的话,还的在ContentProvider刘main实现一个方法
public String getType(Uri uri)
{
switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri))
{
case NOTES:
return Notes.CONTENT_TYPE;
case NOTE_ID:
return Notes.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
}
}
实例如下:
public class NotePadProvider extends ContentProvider
{
private static final String TAG = "NotePadProvider";
// 数据库名
private static final String DATABASE_NAME = "note_pad.db";
private static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 2;
// 表名
private static final String NOTES_TABLE_NAME = "notes";
private static HashMap<String, String> sNotesProjectionMap;
private static final int NOTES = 1;
private static final int NOTE_ID = 2;
private static final UriMatcher sUriMatcher;
private DatabaseHelper mOpenHelper;
//创建表SQL语句
private static final String CREATE_TABLE="CREATE TABLE "
+ NOTES_TABLE_NAME
+ " (" + Notes._ID
+ " INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,"
+ Notes.TITLE
+ " TEXT,"
+ Notes.NOTE
+ " TEXT,"
+ Notes.CREATEDDATE
+ " INTEGER,"
+ Notes.MODIFIEDDATE
+ " INTEGER" + ");";
static
{
sUriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
sUriMatcher.addURI(NotePad.AUTHORITY, "notes", NOTES);
sUriMatcher.addURI(NotePad.AUTHORITY, "notes/#", NOTE_ID);
sNotesProjectionMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
sNotesProjectionMap.put(Notes._ID, Notes._ID);
sNotesProjectionMap.put(Notes.TITLE, Notes.TITLE);
sNotesProjectionMap.put(Notes.NOTE, Notes.NOTE);
sNotesProjectionMap.put(Notes.CREATEDDATE, Notes.CREATEDDATE);
sNotesProjectionMap.put(Notes.MODIFIEDDATE, Notes.MODIFIEDDATE);
}
private static class DatabaseHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper
{
//构造函数-创建数据库
DatabaseHelper(Context context)
{
super(context, DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION);
}
//创建表
@Override
public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db)
{
db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE);
}
//更新数据库
@Override
public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion)
{
db.execSQL("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS notes");
onCreate(db);
}
}
@Override
public boolean onCreate()
{
mOpenHelper = new DatabaseHelper(getContext());
return true;
}
@Override
//查询操作
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder)
{
SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder();
switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri))
{
case NOTES:
qb.setTables(NOTES_TABLE_NAME);
qb.setProjectionMap(sNotesProjectionMap);
break;
case NOTE_ID:
qb.setTables(NOTES_TABLE_NAME);
qb.setProjectionMap(sNotesProjectionMap);
qb.appendWhere(Notes._ID + "=" + uri.getPathSegments().get(1));
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
}
String orderBy;
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(sortOrder))
{
orderBy = NotePad.Notes.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER;
}
else
{
orderBy = sortOrder;
}
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getReadableDatabase();
Cursor c = qb.query(db, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, orderBy);
c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri);
return c;
}
@Override
// 如果有自定义类型,必须实现该方法
public String getType(Uri uri)
{
switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri))
{
case NOTES:
return Notes.CONTENT_TYPE;
case NOTE_ID:
return Notes.CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
}
}
@Override
//插入数据库
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues initialValues)
{
if (sUriMatcher.match(uri) != NOTES)
{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
}
ContentValues values;
if (initialValues != null)
{
values = new ContentValues(initialValues);
}
else
{
values = new ContentValues();
}
Long now = Long.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis());
if (values.containsKey(NotePad.Notes.CREATEDDATE) == false)
{
values.put(NotePad.Notes.CREATEDDATE, now);
}
if (values.containsKey(NotePad.Notes.MODIFIEDDATE) == false)
{
values.put(NotePad.Notes.MODIFIEDDATE, now);
}
if (values.containsKey(NotePad.Notes.TITLE) == false)
{
Resources r = Resources.getSystem();
values.put(NotePad.Notes.TITLE, r.getString(android.R.string.untitled));
}
if (values.containsKey(NotePad.Notes.NOTE) == false)
{
values.put(NotePad.Notes.NOTE, "");
}
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
long rowId = db.insert(NOTES_TABLE_NAME, Notes.NOTE, values);
if (rowId > 0)
{
Uri noteUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(NotePad.Notes.CONTENT_URI, rowId);
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(noteUri, null);
return noteUri;
}
throw new SQLException("Failed to insert row into " + uri);
}
@Override
//删除数据
public int delete(Uri uri, String where, String[] whereArgs)
{
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
int count;
switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri))
{
case NOTES:
count = db.delete(NOTES_TABLE_NAME, where, whereArgs);
break;
case NOTE_ID:
String noteId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
count = db.delete(NOTES_TABLE_NAME, Notes._ID + "=" + noteId + (!TextUtils.isEmpty(where) ? " AND (" + where + ')' : ""), whereArgs);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
}
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
return count;
}
@Override
//更新数据
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String where, String[] whereArgs)
{
SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();
int count;
switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri))
{
case NOTES:
count = db.update(NOTES_TABLE_NAME, values, where, whereArgs);
break;
case NOTE_ID:
String noteId = uri.getPathSegments().get(1);
count = db.update(NOTES_TABLE_NAME, values, Notes._ID + "=" + noteId + (!TextUtils.isEmpty(where) ? " AND (" + where + ')' : ""), whereArgs);
break;
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri);
}
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
return count;
}
}
这样我们就实现了一个自定义的ContentProvider,档然最后不要忘记一件事情了,在AndroidMinifest.xml中声明我们定义好的ContentProvider
<provider android:name="NotePadProvider"
android:authorities="com.google.provider.NotePad"/>
好了,一切OK!