oracle分析函数：三、first,first_value,lag,lead函数

/************************************************
**分析函数-First/Last函数
**时间：2016-7-8
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--1 语法
aggregate_function keep
( dense_rank first order by expr desc nulls last)
over (query partition clause )
--说明
•DENSE_RANK FIRST or DENSE_RANK LAST indicates that Oracle Database will 
aggregate over only those rows with the minimum (FIRST) or the maximum (LAST) dense rank (also called olympic rank).
--**简介：


FIRST and LAST are very similar functions. 
Both are aggregate and analytic functions that operate on a set of values from a set of rows that rank as the FIRST or LAST 
with respect to a given sorting specification. 
都聚集和分析功能，给定一个排序的规范，操作一组值从一组行排名第一或最后一个；
If only one row ranks as FIRST or LAST, then the aggregate operates on the set with only one element.