oracle的first函数,oracle分析函数：三、first,first_value,lag,lead函数

/************************************************ **分析函数-First/Last函数 **时间：2016-7-8 *************************************************/ --1 语法 aggregate_function keep ( dense_rank first order by expr desc nulls last) over (query partition clause ) --说明 •DENSE_RANK FIRST or DENSE_RANK LAST indicates that Oracle Database will  aggregate over only those rows with the minimum (FIRST) or the maximum (LAST) dense rank (also called olympic rank). --**简介： FIRST and LAST are very similar functions.  Both are aggregate and analytic functions that operate on a set of values from a set of rows that rank as the FIRST or LAST  with respect to a given sorting specification.  都聚集和分析功能，给定一个排序的规范，操作一组值从一组行排名第一或最后一个； If only one row ranks as FIRST or LAST, then the aggregate operates on the set with only one element. --aggregate functions： 忽略over clause --analytic functions  指定over clause ------------------------------------------------- --2 分析例子 SELECT unit_id,        unit_code,        tjrq_q,        MIN(out_row) KEEP(DENSE_RANK FIRST ORDER BY tjrq_q) OVER(PARTITION BY unit_id) "Worst",        MAX(out_row) KEEP(DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY tjrq_q) OVER(PARTITION BY unit_id) "Best"   FROM etl_exdw_log  ORDER BY unit_id, unit_code; --3 DENSE_RANK FIRST order by expr和dens_rank() over SELECT unit_id,        unit_code,        tjrq_q,        MIN(out_row) KEEP(DENSE_RANK FIRST ORDER BY tjrq_q) OVER(PARTITION BY unit_id) "Worst",        MAX(out_row) KEEP(DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY tjrq_q) OVER(PARTITION BY unit_id) "Best",        dense_rank() over(partition by unit_id order by out_row),        rank() over(partition by unit_id order by out_row)   FROM etl_exdw_log  ORDER BY unit_id, unit_code; ------------------------------------------------- --4 聚集函数例子 SELECT unit_id,        unit_code,        tjrq_q,        MIN(out_row) KEEP(DENSE_RANK FIRST ORDER BY tjrq_q) "Worst",        MAX(out_row) KEEP(DENSE_RANK LAST ORDER BY tjrq_q) "Best",        dense_rank(23632) within group(order by out_row desc nulls last)   FROM etl_exdw_log  group BY unit_id, unit_code, tjrq_q; /************************************************ **分析函数-First_value/Last_value函数 **时间：2016-7-8 **简介： *************************************************/ --1 语法 --ANSI format(推荐): firt_value (expr (respect|ignore) nulls ) over (analytic clause) 或者： firt_value (expr) (respect|ignore) nulls  over (analytic clause) ------------------------------------------------- --2 简介 It returns the first value in an ordered set of values; If the first value in the set is null, then the function returns NULL unless you specify IGNORE NULLS ------------------------------------------------- --3 例子一 SELECT unit_id,        unit_code,        tjrq_q,        out_row,        FIRST_VALUE(out_row) OVER(partition by unit_id,tjrq_q ORDER BY out_row desc ROWS UNBOUNDED PRECEDING) AS greatest_rows   FROM etl_exdw_log  ORDER BY unit_id,tjrq_q; /************************************************ **分析函数-lag/lead函数 **时间：2016-7-8 **简介： *************************************************/ --1 语法1 lag (value_expr,offset,default) (ignore nulls| respect nulls) over (query_partition_clause order_by_clause) --2 语法2 lag (value_expr (ignore nulls| respect nulls),offset,default)  over (query_partition_clause order_by_clause) ------------------------------------------------- --3 目的 LAG provides access to a row at a given physical offset prior to that position. 已知偏移量，根据给的物理便宜量，lag函数可以获得另外一个列 Given a series of rows returned from a query and a position of the cursor 在一个查询结果集中，返回一个游标的位置和一组行 可选的偏移量参数,指定一个整数大于零。如果你不指定偏移量,那么其默认是1。如果偏移量超出窗口范围可选的默认值(1)返回; {RESPECT | IGNORE} NULLS determines whether null values of value_expr are included in or eliminated from the calculation. The default is RESPECT NULLS. You cannot nest analytic functions by using LAG or any other analytic function for value_expr.  不能嵌套分析 --lag (value_expr,offset,default) (ignore nulls| respect nulls) over (query_partition_clause order_by_clause) ------------------------------------------------- --4 例子 SELECT unit_id,        unit_code,        start_time,        end_time,        LAG(end_time, 1, sysdate) OVER(partition by unit_id ORDER BY end_time) AS prev_endtime,        round((end_time - LAG(end_time, 1, sysdate)               OVER(partition by unit_id ORDER BY end_time)) * 24 * 60) as exe_time   FROM ETL_EXDW_LOG  order by unit_id, end_time; ------------------------------------------------ --5 lead函数对比： SELECT unit_id,        unit_code,        start_time,        end_time,        lead(end_time, 1, sysdate) OVER(partition by unit_id ORDER BY end_time) AS prev_endtime,        round((lead(end_time, 1, sysdate) OVER(partition by unit_id ORDER BY end_time)-end_time) * 24 * 60) as exe_time   FROM ETL_EXDW_LOG  order by unit_id, end_time;