STL队列-FIFO

class template

<queue>

std::queue

template <class T, class Container = deque<T> > class queue;

FIFO queue

queues are a type of container adaptor, specifically designed to operate in a FIFO context (first-in first-out), where elements are inserted into one end of the container and extracted from the other.

queues are implemented as  containers adaptors, which are classes that use an encapsulated object of a specific container class as its  underlying container, providing a specific set of member functions to access its elements. Elements are  pushed into the  "back" of the specific container and  popped from its  "front".

The underlying container may be one of the standard container class template or some other specifically designed container class. This underlying container shall support at least the following operations:

• front
• back
• push_back
• pop_front

The standard container classes  deque and  list fulfill these requirements. By default, if no container class is specified for a particular  queue class instantiation, the standard container  deque is used.

Template parameters

T

Type of the elements.
Aliased as member type  queue::value_type.

Container

Type of the internal  underlying container object where the elements are stored.
Its  value_type shall be  T.
Aliased as member type  queue::container_type.

Member types

• C++98
• C++11

member type	definition	notes
value_type	The first template parameter (T)	Type of the elements
container_type	The second template parameter (Container)	Type of the underlying container
reference	container_type::reference	usually, value_type&
const_reference	container_type::const_reference	usually, const value_type&
size_type	an unsigned integral type	usually, the same as size_t

Member functions

(constructor)

Construct queue  (public member function )

empty

Test whether container is empty  (public member function )

size

Return size  (public member function )

front

Access next element  (public member function )

back

Access last element  (public member function )

push

Insert element  (public member function )

emplace 

Construct and insert element  (public member function )

pop

Remove next element  (public member function )

swap 

Swap contents  (public member function )

Non-member function overloads

relational operators

Relational operators for queue  (function )

swap (queue) 

Exchange contents of queues  (public member function )

Non-member class specializations

uses_allocator<queue> 

Uses allocator for queue (class template )