Hashtable 和 HashMap的区别

分类： 面试题 2008-06-05 06:30 3950人阅读 评论(11) 收藏 举报

hashmap null table dictionary class object

我们先看2个类的定义

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. public class Hashtable
2. extends Dictionary
3. implements Map, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable

public class Hashtable
    extends Dictionary
    implements Map, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. public class HashMap
2. extends AbstractMap
3. implements Map, Cloneable, Serializable

public class HashMap
    extends AbstractMap
    implements Map, Cloneable, Serializable

可见Hashtable 继承自 Dictiionary 而 HashMap继承自AbstractMap

Hashtable的put方法如下

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. public synchronized V put(K key, V value) { //###### 注意这里1
2. // Make sure the value is not null
3. if (value == null) { //###### 注意这里 2
4. throw new NullPointerException();
5. }
6. // Makes sure the key is not already in the hashtable.
7. Entry tab[] = table;
8. int hash = key.hashCode(); //###### 注意这里 3
9. int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
10. for (Entry e = tab[index]; e != null; e = e.next) {
11. if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
12. V old = e.value;
13. e.value = value;
14. return old;
15. }
16. }
17. modCount++;
18. if (count >= threshold) {
19. // Rehash the table if the threshold is exceeded
20. rehash();
21. tab = table;
22. index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
23. }
24. // Creates the new entry.
25. Entry e = tab[index];
26. tab[index] = new Entry(hash, key, value, e);
27. count++;
28. return null;
29. }

  public synchronized V put(K key, V value) {  //###### 注意这里1
    // Make sure the value is not null
    if (value == null) { //###### 注意这里 2
      throw new NullPointerException();
    }
    // Makes sure the key is not already in the hashtable.
    Entry tab[] = table;
    int hash = key.hashCode(); //###### 注意这里 3
    int index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
    for (Entry e = tab[index]; e != null; e = e.next) {
      if ((e.hash == hash) && e.key.equals(key)) {
        V old = e.value;
        e.value = value;
        return old;
      }
    }
    modCount++;
    if (count >= threshold) {
      // Rehash the table if the threshold is exceeded
      rehash();
      tab = table;
      index = (hash & 0x7FFFFFFF) % tab.length;
    }
    // Creates the new entry.
    Entry e = tab[index];
    tab[index] = new Entry(hash, key, value, e);
    count++;
    return null;
  }

注意1 方法是同步的
注意2 方法不允许value==null
注意3 方法调用了key的hashCode方法，如果key==null,会抛出空指针异常 HashMap的put方法如下

[java] view plain copy print ?

1. public V put(K key, V value) { //###### 注意这里 1
2. if (key == null) //###### 注意这里 2
3. return putForNullKey(value);
4. int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
5. int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
6. for (Entry e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
7. Object k;
8. if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
9. V oldValue = e.value;
10. e.value = value;
11. e.recordAccess(this);
12. return oldValue;
13. }
14. }
15. modCount++;
16. addEntry(hash, key, value, i); //###### 注意这里
17. return null;
18. }

  public V put(K key, V value) { //###### 注意这里 1
    if (key == null)  //###### 注意这里 2
      return putForNullKey(value);
    int hash = hash(key.hashCode());
    int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
    for (Entry e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
      Object k;
      if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
        V oldValue = e.value;
        e.value = value;
        e.recordAccess(this);
        return oldValue;
      }
    }
    modCount++;
    addEntry(hash, key, value, i);  //###### 注意这里 
    return null;
  }

注意1 方法是非同步的
注意2 方法允许key==null
注意3 方法并没有对value进行任何调用，所以允许为null

补充：
Hashtable 有一个 contains方法，容易引起误会，所以在HashMap里面已经去掉了
当然，2个类都用containsKey和containsValue方法。

结论： ashMap 在大多数情况下是优先选择的。