ViewModel的简单使用

一.首先添加ViewModel需要的依赖

dependencies {
     ...
    //添加lifecycle框架的依赖
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-extensions:2.2.0-rc02'
}

二.创建一个类继承ViewModel
MyViewModel.java

public class MyViewModel extends ViewModel {
    public int num = 0;
}

三.在mainActivity中通过new ViewModelProvider(this).get(MyViewModel.class);得到myviewmodel这个实例对象。
MainActivity.java

package com.mrlove.viewmodel;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    MyViewModel myViewModel;
    TextView textView;
    Button button1;
    Button button2;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        button1 = findViewById(R.id.button1);
        button2 = findViewById(R.id.button2);
        textView = findViewById(R.id.textView2);
        //官方已经弃用
        // myViewModel = ViewModelProviders.of(this).get(MyViewModel.class);
        //获取实例对象
        myViewModel = new ViewModelProvider(this).get(MyViewModel.class);
        textView.setText(String.valueOf(myViewModel.num));

        button1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                myViewModel.num++;
                textView.setText(String.valueOf(myViewModel.num));
            }
        });

        button2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                myViewModel.num += 2;
                textView.setText(String.valueOf(myViewModel.num));
            }
        });
    }
}

布局文件
activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="24sp"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline2"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/guideline4"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/guideline4"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline8"
        tools:text="100" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.12" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.62" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline3"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.67" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/button1"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline2"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/guideline3"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/guideline3"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline2" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Barrier
        android:id="@+id/barrier"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:barrierDirection="top" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline8"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.33" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/button2"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline8"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/guideline3"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/guideline3"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline8" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline4"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_begin="173dp" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

通过使用ViewModel来存储数据，防止数据因为布局的重载而丢失，也不必再使用onSaveInstanceState来零时保存数据。

@Override
    protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle outState) {
        super.onSaveInstanceState(outState);
        outState.putString("textView",textView.getText().toString());
    }

ViewModel官方介绍：https://developer.android.google.cn/topic/libraries/architecture/viewmodel.html#java
github参考代码：
https://github.com/Mrlove133481/ViewModel