mac安装scrapy并创建项目

最近刚好在学习python+scrapy的爬虫技术，因为mac是自带python2.7的，所以安装3.5版本有两种方法，一种是升级，一种是额外安装3.5版本。

升级就不用说了，讲讲额外安装的版本吧~~~

因为python是有自带版本的，最开始安装的时候都会有一种“ 会不会冲突 ”的感觉。

其实安装3.5版本也就是在官网上直接下载之后安装，和普通的mac软件安装方式是一样的~~

https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-353/

安装完成之后，不会覆盖原来的python，会在 /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5文件中

在终端直接输入 python 会执行python2.7版本

python

Python 2.7.12 (default, Jun 29 2016, 14:05:02)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 7.3.0 (clang-703.0.31)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

在终端直接输入 python3 则会执行python3.5版本

python3

Python 3.5.3 (v3.5.3:1880cb95a742, Jan 16 2017, 08:49:46)
[GCC 4.2.1 (Apple Inc. build 5666) (dot 3)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

接下来就可以开始安装scrapy了

python3.5中会自带 pip，所以不需要额外安装了，可以直接在终端输入 pip3 --version查看版本和路径

pip3 --version

pip 9.0.1 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages (python 3.5)

使用 pip3 安装scrapy

pip3 install Scrapy

这里的Scrapy一定要首字母大写，不然会在安装的过程中报错~~

Collecting scrapy
  Retrying (Retry(total=4, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.requests.packages.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x103aa2c88>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 61] Connection refused',)': /simple/scrapy/
  Retrying (Retry(total=3, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.requests.packages.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x103aa29e8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 61] Connection refused',)': /simple/scrapy/
  Retrying (Retry(total=2, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.requests.packages.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x103aa2630>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 61] Connection refused',)': /simple/scrapy/
  Retrying (Retry(total=1, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.requests.packages.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x103aa2f28>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 61] Connection refused',)': /simple/scrapy/
  Retrying (Retry(total=0, connect=None, read=None, redirect=None)) after connection broken by 'NewConnectionError('<pip._vendor.requests.packages.urllib3.connection.VerifiedHTTPSConnection object at 0x103aa2be0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 61] Connection refused',)': /simple/scrapy/
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement scrapy (from versions: )
No matching distribution found for scrapy

安装成功之后，可以直接在终端上输入 scrapy 查看版本号及使用

Scrapy 1.4.0 - no active project

Usage:
  scrapy <command> [options] [args]

Available commands:
  bench         Run quick benchmark test
  fetch         Fetch a URL using the Scrapy downloader
  genspider     Generate new spider using pre-defined templates
  runspider     Run a self-contained spider (without creating a project)
  settings      Get settings values
  shell         Interactive scraping console
  startproject  Create new project
  version       Print Scrapy version
  view          Open URL in browser, as seen by Scrapy

  [ more ]      More commands available when run from project directory

Use "scrapy <command> -h" to see more info about a command

在pycharm中是没有直接创建scrapy项目的，可以使用 scrapy 命令手动新建项目

scrapy startproject ArticleSpider（ArticleSpider为项目名称）