Failed to execute goal org.apache.tomcat.maven:tomcat7-maven-plugin:2.1:run (default-cli) on project

问题

无法启动tomcat

java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[]]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1123)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:800)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost].StandardContext[]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
	... 6 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassCastException: org.springframework.web.SpringServletContainerInitializer cannot be cast to javax.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.getServletContainerInitializer(ContextConfig.java:1661)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.processServletContainerInitializers(ContextConfig.java:1569)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.webConfig(ContextConfig.java:1277)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.configureStart(ContextConfig.java:878)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig.lifecycleEvent(ContextConfig.java:369)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleBase.java:90)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.startInternal(StandardContext.java:5179)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 6 more
九月 22, 2022 12:47:03 上午 org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase startInternal
严重: A child container failed during start
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost]]
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.report(FutureTask.java:122)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.get(FutureTask.java:192)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1123)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal(StandardEngine.java:302)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal(StandardService.java:443)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer.startInternal(StandardServer.java:732)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	at org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.start(Tomcat.java:335)
	at org.apache.tomcat.maven.plugin.tomcat7.run.AbstractRunMojo.startContainer(AbstractRunMojo.java:1091)
	at org.apache.tomcat.maven.plugin.tomcat7.run.AbstractRunMojo.execute(AbstractRunMojo.java:512)
	at org.apache.maven.plugin.DefaultBuildPluginManager.executeMojo(DefaultBuildPluginManager.java:134)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:208)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:154)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.MojoExecutor.execute(MojoExecutor.java:146)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:117)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleModuleBuilder.buildProject(LifecycleModuleBuilder.java:81)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder.build(SingleThreadedBuilder.java:51)
	at org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.LifecycleStarter.execute(LifecycleStarter.java:128)
	at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:309)
	at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.doExecute(DefaultMaven.java:194)
	at org.apache.maven.DefaultMaven.execute(DefaultMaven.java:107)
	at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.execute(MavenCli.java:993)
	at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.doMain(MavenCli.java:345)
	at org.apache.maven.cli.MavenCli.main(MavenCli.java:191)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launchEnhanced(Launcher.java:289)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.launch(Launcher.java:229)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.mainWithExitCode(Launcher.java:415)
	at org.codehaus.plexus.classworlds.launcher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:356)
	at org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:47)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: Failed to start component [StandardEngine[Tomcat].StandardHost[localhost]]
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:154)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1559)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$StartChild.call(ContainerBase.java:1549)
	at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
Caused by: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: A child container failed during start
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.startInternal(ContainerBase.java:1131)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost.startInternal(StandardHost.java:800)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleBase.start(LifecycleBase.java:150)
	... 6 more

产生的原因是：tomcat中也有servlet-api包

解决方法：

添加provided，因为provided表明该包只在编译和测试的时候用，所以，当启动tomcat的时候，就不会冲突了，完整依赖如下：

        <!--servlet 3.0规范-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <!--只在编译和测试时生效，其它时候不参与打包-->
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>