在Linux下开发网络程序时,经常会遇到需要取本地网络接口名、IP、广播地址、子网掩码或者MAC地址等信息的需求,最常见的办法是配合SIOCGIFHWADDR、SIOCGIFADDR、SIOCGIFBRDADDR与SIOCGIFNETMASK作为参数调用函数ioctl分别获得MAC地址、IP地址、广播地址与子网掩码来实现。
struct ifreq
这个结构定义在include/net/if.h,用来配置ip地址,激活接口,配置MTU等接口信息的
/* Interface request structure used for socket ioctl's. All interface
ioctl's must have parameter definitions which begin with ifr_name.
The remainder may be interface specific. */
struct ifreq
{
# define IFHWADDRLEN 6
# define IFNAMSIZ IF_NAMESIZE
union
{
char ifrn_name[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Interface name, e.g. "en0". */
} ifr_ifrn;
union
{
struct sockaddr ifru_addr;
struct sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;
struct sockaddr ifru_netmask;
struct sockaddr ifru_hwaddr;
short int ifru_flags;
int ifru_ivalue;
int ifru_mtu;
struct ifmap ifru_map;
char ifru_slave[IFNAMSIZ]; /* Just fits the size */
char ifru_newname[IFNAMSIZ];
__caddr_t ifru_data;
} ifr_ifru;
};
# define ifr_name ifr_ifrn.ifrn_name /* interface name */
# define ifr_hwaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_hwaddr /* MAC address */
# define ifr_addr ifr_ifru.ifru_addr /* address */
# define ifr_dstaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_dstaddr /* other end of p-p lnk */
# define ifr_broadaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_broadaddr /* broadcast address */
# define ifr_netmask ifr_ifru.ifru_netmask /* interface net mask */
# define ifr_flags ifr_ifru.ifru_flags /* flags */
# define ifr_metric ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* metric */
# define ifr_mtu ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu /* mtu */
# define ifr_map ifr_ifru.ifru_map /* device map */
# define ifr_slave ifr_ifru.ifru_slave /* slave device */
# define ifr_data ifr_ifru.ifru_data /* for use by interface */
# define ifr_ifindex ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* interface index */
# define ifr_bandwidth ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* link bandwidth */
# define ifr_qlen ifr_ifru.ifru_ivalue /* queue length */
# define ifr_newname ifr_ifru.ifru_newname /* New name */
# define _IOT_ifreq _IOT(_IOTS(char),IFNAMSIZ,_IOTS(char),16,0,0)
# define _IOT_ifreq_short _IOT(_IOTS(char),IFNAMSIZ,_IOTS(short),1,0,0)
# define _IOT_ifreq_int _IOT(_IOTS(char),IFNAMSIZ,_IOTS(int),1,0,0)
struct ifconf
通常是用来保存所有接口信息的
/* Structure used in SIOCGIFCONF request. Used to retrieve interface
configuration for machine (useful for programs which must know all
networks accessible). */
struct ifconf
{
int ifc_len; /* Size of buffer. */
union
{
__caddr_t ifcu_buf;
struct ifreq *ifcu_req;
} ifc_ifcu;
};
# define ifc_buf ifc_ifcu.ifcu_buf /* Buffer address. */
# define ifc_req ifc_ifcu.ifcu_req /* Array of structures. */
# define _IOT_ifconf _IOT(_IOTS(struct ifconf),1,0,0,0,0) /* not right */
完整代码如下:
/*============================================================================
Name : Exercise.cbp
Author : Haier
Version : 1.01
Copyright : Copyright (c) 2014
Description : File Encryption in C, Ansi-style, Compile by Code::Block
============================================================================*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <errno.h>
int getLocalInfo(void)
{
int fd;
int interfaceNum = 0;
struct ifreq buf[16];
struct ifconf ifc;
struct ifreq ifrcopy;
char mac[16] = {0};
char ip[32] = {0};
char broadAddr[32] = {0};
char subnetMask[32] = {0};
if ((fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0)
{
perror("socket");
close(fd);
return -1;
}
ifc.ifc_len = sizeof(buf);
ifc.ifc_buf = (caddr_t)buf;
if (!ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFCONF, (char *)&ifc))
{
interfaceNum = ifc.ifc_len / sizeof(struct ifreq);
printf("interface num = %d\n", interfaceNum);
while (interfaceNum-- > 0)
{
printf("\ndevice name: %s\n", buf[interfaceNum].ifr_name);
//ignore the interface that not up or not runing
ifrcopy = buf[interfaceNum];
if (ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFFLAGS, &ifrcopy))
{
printf("ioctl: %s [%s:%d]\n", strerror(errno), __FILE__, __LINE__);
close(fd);
return -1;
}
//get the mac of this interface
if (!ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFHWADDR, (char *)(&buf[interfaceNum])))
{
memset(mac, 0, sizeof(mac));
snprintf(mac, sizeof(mac), "%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x%02x",
(unsigned char)buf[interfaceNum].ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[0],
(unsigned char)buf[interfaceNum].ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[1],
(unsigned char)buf[interfaceNum].ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[2],
(unsigned char)buf[interfaceNum].ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[3],
(unsigned char)buf[interfaceNum].ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[4],
(unsigned char)buf[interfaceNum].ifr_hwaddr.sa_data[5]);
printf("device mac: %s\n", mac);
}
else
{
printf("ioctl: %s [%s:%d]\n", strerror(errno), __FILE__, __LINE__);
close(fd);
return -1;
}
//get the IP of this interface
if (!ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFADDR, (char *)&buf[interfaceNum]))
{
snprintf(ip, sizeof(ip), "%s",
(char *)inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)&(buf[interfaceNum].ifr_addr))->sin_addr));
printf("device ip: %s\n", ip);
}
else
{
printf("ioctl: %s [%s:%d]\n", strerror(errno), __FILE__, __LINE__);
close(fd);
return -1;
}
//get the broad address of this interface
if (!ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFBRDADDR, &buf[interfaceNum]))
{
snprintf(broadAddr, sizeof(broadAddr), "%s",
(char *)inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)&(buf[interfaceNum].ifr_broadaddr))->sin_addr));
printf("device broadAddr: %s\n", broadAddr);
}
else
{
printf("ioctl: %s [%s:%d]\n", strerror(errno), __FILE__, __LINE__);
close(fd);
return -1;
}
//get the subnet mask of this interface
if (!ioctl(fd, SIOCGIFNETMASK, &buf[interfaceNum]))
{
snprintf(subnetMask, sizeof(subnetMask), "%s",
(char *)inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)&(buf[interfaceNum].ifr_netmask))->sin_addr));
printf("device subnetMask: %s\n", subnetMask);
}
else
{
printf("ioctl: %s [%s:%d]\n", strerror(errno), __FILE__, __LINE__);
close(fd);
return -1;
}
}
}
else
{
printf("ioctl: %s [%s:%d]\n", strerror(errno), __FILE__, __LINE__);
close(fd);
return -1;
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
int main(void)
{
getLocalInfo();
return 0;
}
使用ioctl函数虽然可以获取所有的信息,但是使用起来比较麻烦,如果不需要获取MAC地址,那么使用getifaddrs函数来获取更加方便与简洁。值得一提的是,在MacOS或iOS系统上(如iPhone程序开发),上述iotcl函数没法获得mac地址跟子网掩码,这个使用,使用getifaddrs函数便更有优势了。下面是使用getiaddrs函数获取网卡信息的C语言代码实现。
/*============================================================================
Name : Exercise.cbp
Author : Haier
Version : 1.01
Copyright : Copyright (c) 2014
Description : File Encryption in C, Ansi-style, Compile by Code::Block
============================================================================*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ifaddrs.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
int getSubnetMask()
{
struct sockaddr_in *sin = NULL;
struct ifaddrs *ifa = NULL, *ifList;
if (getifaddrs(&ifList) < 0) return -1;
for (ifa = ifList; ifa != NULL; ifa = ifa->ifa_next)
{
if(ifa->ifa_addr->sa_family == AF_INET)
{
printf("\n>>> interfaceName: %s\n", ifa->ifa_name);
sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)ifa->ifa_addr;
printf(">>> ipAddress: %s\n", inet_ntoa(sin->sin_addr));
sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)ifa->ifa_dstaddr;
printf(">>> broadcast: %s\n", inet_ntoa(sin->sin_addr));
sin = (struct sockaddr_in *)ifa->ifa_netmask;
printf(">>> subnetMask: %s\n", inet_ntoa(sin->sin_addr));
}
}
freeifaddrs(ifList);
return 0;
}
int main(void)
{
getSubnetMask();
return 0;
}