linux 命令之sed

sed：用于过滤和转换文件的流编辑器

执行方式： sed [options] 'command' [filename]   

                   sed [options] '/pattern/ command'

                   sed [options] 'n,m command'  (n,m为行号)

command(命令)：

s/re/string/   : 替换  使用字符串string替换正则表达式re的内容 （只替换第一个）

#echo hello gino hello wrold | sed 's/\<hello\>/Hello/'
Hello gino hello wrold

g ：行内全部替换

# echo hello gino hello wrold | sed 's/\<hello\>/Hello/g'
Hello gino Hello wrold

匹配样式的行进行替换示例 ：

# cat sample_one 
one 	1
two	1
three	1
one	1
two	1
two	1
three	1

# sed '/two/ s/1/2/' sample_one 
one 	1
two	2
three	1
one	1
two	2
two	2
three	1

d ： 删除行

# sed '/two/ d' sample_one 
one 	1
three	1
one	1
three	1

# sed '/two/ !d' sample_one  #删除匹配以外的行 
two	1
two	1
two	1

# sed '1,5 d' sample_one    #删除第1到第5行
two	1
three	1

i\ ：插入文本（行前）

# sed '5 i\hello gino' sample_one 
one 	1
two	1
three	1
one	1
hello gino
two	1
two	1
three	1

a\ ：追加文本（行后）

# sed '5 a\hello gino' sample_one 
one 	1
two	1
three	1
one	1
two	1
hello gino
two	1
three	1

c\ : 替换文本（本行）

# sed '5 c\hello gino' sample_one 
one 	1
two	1
three	1
one	1
hello gino
two	1
three	1

p ： 打印

# sed '5 p' sample_one one 	1
two	1
three	1
one	1
two	1
two	1
two	1   #打印出来的一行
three	1

w ： 写入到文件结尾

# sed -e '/two/ s/1/2/' -e '/three/ s/1/3/' -e '1,3 w sample_two' sample_one   
one		1
two		2
three		3
one		1
two		2
two		2
three		3
# cat sample_two 
one		1
two		2
three		3

q ： 提前退出

# sed '3q' sample_one #处理到第三行就退出sed命令
one		1
two		1
three		1

options（选项）：

-f ： 从文件中读取替换规则

# cat replace_list /two/ s/1/2/
/three/ s/1/3/
# sed -f replace_list sample_one 
one 	1
two	2
three	3
one	1
two	2
two	2
three	3

-n ： 禁止显示

# sed -n '/two/ d' sample_one   #不显示结果

-i  ：对文件进行操作（不加此选项 不改变文件的内容，只改变显示的结果而已）

# cat sample_one 
two	1
#sed -i 'p' sample_one  
# cat sample_one   #源文件被改变了
two	1
two	1

-e ： 执行多个sed

# sed -e '/two/ s/1/2/' -e '/three/ s/1/3/' sample_one 
one		1
two		2
three		3
one		1
two		2
two		2
three		3

ubuntu还支持另外一种 执行多个sed 的语法（其他linux系统没尝试）

 

# sed '/two/ s/1/2/;/three/ s/1/3/' sample_one 
one		1
two		2
three		3
one		1
two		2
two		2
three		3