[FAQ14614]如何用MMU保护buddy system?

[DESCRIPTION]
Memory corruption如何解决/预防?这种问题通常都很难debug,需要多次调试甚至借助jtag分析问题。
踩坏的当下,系统不一定发生崩溃,有可能踩坏的memory是别人用的,只有别人在使用那块memory时才有可能发生异常。
但如果踩的memory是不可访问的(比如被MMU设置为不可读写),那么直接就发生崩溃了。这样的问题就很轻易抓到。
可惜kernel除了vmalloc等基本都是一一映射,很少有空洞。
但实际上我们可以利用MMU包含buddy system未分配出去的内存,将其设置为不可读写,这样系统中就存在很多空洞,就更加容易抓到问题点。
 
[SOLUTION]
注意:该方法仅适合<=3.10和3.18的内核版本。
<=kernel-3.10的ARM32部分
1. 需打开CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA(KK及之后版本默认打开了),修改low memory映射,使页表2级化:
alps/kernel/arch/arm/mm/mmu.c:
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static void __init map_lowmem( void )
 
{
 
     ......
 
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
 
     start = __pa(_stext) & PMD_MASK;
 
     end = ALIGN( /*__pa(__end_rodata)*/ arm_lowmem_limit /* 3.4的kernel是lowmem_limit */ , PMD_SIZE); // modify this line
 
     map.pfn = __phys_to_pfn(start);
 
     map. virtual = __phys_to_virt(start);
 
     map.length = end - start;
 
     map.type = MT_MEMORY;
 
     create_mapping(&map, true );
 
#endif
 
2. 扩展mmu设置接口,在alps/kernel/arch/arm/mm/mmu.c添加以下代码:
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int pte_set_invalid(pte_t *ptep, pgtable_t token, unsigned long addr, void *data)
 
{
 
     set_pte_ext(ptep, pte_val(*ptep)&~L_PTE_PRESENT, 0);
 
     return 0;
 
}
 
 
 
int pte_set_valid(pte_t *ptep, pgtable_t token, unsigned long addr, void *data)
 
{
 
     set_pte_ext(ptep, pte_val(*ptep)|L_PTE_PRESENT, 0);
 
     return 0;
 
}
 
 
 
int pte_set_rdonly(pte_t *ptep, pgtable_t token, unsigned long addr, void *data)
 
{
 
     set_pte_ext(ptep, pte_val(*ptep)|L_PTE_RDONLY, 0);
 
     return 0;
 
}
 
kernel-3.18的ARM32部分
1. 需关闭CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA,分裂页表,使页表2级化,添加如下代码到alps/kernel/arch/arm/mm/mmu.c:
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static void split_pgtable( void )
 
{
 
     const unsigned long end = (unsigned long )__va(arm_lowmem_limit);
 
     unsigned long virt = PAGE_OFFSET, pgd_end, pud_end;
 
     phys_addr_t phys;
 
     pgprot_t prot;
 
     pgd_t *pgd;
 
     pud_t *pud;
 
     pmd_t *pmd;
 
     pte_t *pte;
 
     int i;
 
 
 
     pgd = pgd_offset_k(virt);
 
     do {
 
         pgd_end = pgd_addr_end(virt, end);
 
         if (pgd_none(*pgd)) { /* bypass */
 
             virt = pgd_end;
 
             continue ;
 
         }
 
         pud = pud_offset(pgd, virt);
 
         do {
 
             pud_end = pud_addr_end(virt, pgd_end);
 
             if (pud_none(*pud)) { /* bypass */
 
                virt = pud_end;
 
                continue ;
 
             }
 
             pmd = pmd_offset(pud, virt);
 
             do {
 
                 virt = pmd_addr_end(virt, pud_end);
 
                 if ((pmd_val(*pmd)&PMD_TYPE_MASK) != PMD_TYPE_SECT) /* section */
 
                     continue ;
 
                 pte = __va(memblock_alloc(PTE_HWTABLE_OFF + PTE_HWTABLE_SIZE, PTE_HWTABLE_OFF + PTE_HWTABLE_SIZE));
 
                 phys = pmd_val(*pmd)&PMD_MASK&PHYS_MASK;
 
                 prot = mem_types[MT_MEMORY_RWX].prot_pte;
 
                 if (pmd_val(*pmd)&PMD_SECT_XN)
 
                     prot |= L_PTE_XN;
 
                 for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; phys += PAGE_SIZE, i++) {
 
                     set_pte_ext(&pte[i], __pte(phys|prot), 0);
 
                 }
 
                 __pmd_populate(pmd, __pa(pte), PMD_TYPE_TABLE|(pmd_val(*pmd)&(PMD_PROTECTION|PMD_DOMAIN(0xF))));
 
             } while (pmd++, virt != pud_end);
 
         } while (pud++, virt != pgd_end);
 
     } while (pgd++, virt != end);
 
}
 
 
 
int pte_set_invalid(pte_t *ptep, pgtable_t token, unsigned long addr, void *data)
 
{
 
     set_pte_ext(ptep, pte_val(*ptep)&~L_PTE_PRESENT, 0);
 
     return 0;
 
}
 
 
 
int pte_set_valid(pte_t *ptep, pgtable_t token, unsigned long addr, void *data)
 
{
 
     set_pte_ext(ptep, pte_val(*ptep)|L_PTE_PRESENT, 0);
 
     return 0;
 
}
 
 
 
int pte_set_rdonly(pte_t *ptep, pgtable_t token, unsigned long addr, void *data)
 
{
 
     set_pte_ext(ptep, pte_val(*ptep)|L_PTE_RDONLY, 0);
 
     return 0;
 
}
 
2. 在alps/kernel/arch/arm/mm/mmu.c的map_lowmem() 最后调用split_pgtable():
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static void __init map_lowmem( void )
 
{
 
     ......
 
     split_pgtable(); // add this line
 
}
 
3. 修改alps/kernel/init/main.c,使其调用mark_rodata_ro()函数:
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#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
 
// static inline void mark_rodata_ro(void) {}/* mark this line */
 
extern void mark_rodata_ro( void ); // add this line
 
#endif
 
kernel-3.10和kernel-3.18的ARM64部分
 
1. 需打开CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA(M0及之前版本则需关闭CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA),分裂页表,使页表3级化,添加如下代码到alps/kernel/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c:
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static void split_pgtable( void )
 
{
 
     const unsigned long end = ~(unsigned long )0;
 
     unsigned long virt = PAGE_OFFSET, pgd_end, pud_end;
 
     phys_addr_t phys;
 
     pgprot_t prot;
 
     pgd_t *pgd;
 
     pud_t *pud;
 
     pmd_t *pmd;
 
     pte_t *pte;
 
     int i;
 
 
 
     pgd = pgd_offset_k(virt);
 
     do {
 
         pgd_end = pgd_addr_end(virt, end);
 
         if (pgd_none(*pgd)) { /* bypass */
 
             virt = pgd_end;
 
             continue ;
 
         }
 
         pud = pud_offset(pgd, virt);
 
        do {
 
             pud_end = pud_addr_end(virt, pgd_end);
 
             if (pud_none(*pud)) { /* bypass */
 
                 virt = pud_end;
 
                 continue ;
 
             }
 
             if ((pud_val(*pud)&3) == 1) { /* section */
 
                 pmd = __va(memblock_alloc(PTRS_PER_PMD * sizeof (pmd_t), PTRS_PER_PMD * sizeof (pmd_t)));
 
                 phys = pud_val(*pud)&PUD_MASK&PHYS_MASK;
 
                 prot = __pgprot(pud_val(*pud)^phys);
 
                 for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PMD; phys += PMD_SIZE, i++) {
 
                     __pmd_populate(&pmd[i], phys, prot);
 
                 }
 
                 pud_populate(&init_mm, pud, pmd);
 
             }
 
             pmd = pmd_offset(pud, virt);
 
             do {
 
                 virt = pmd_addr_end(virt, pud_end);
 
                 if ((pmd_val(*pmd)&PMD_TYPE_MASK) != PMD_TYPE_SECT) /* section */
 
                     continue ;
 
                 pte = __va(memblock_alloc(PTRS_PER_PTE * sizeof (pte_t), PTRS_PER_PTE * sizeof (pte_t)));
 
                 phys = pmd_val(*pmd)&PMD_MASK&PHYS_MASK;
 
                 prot = __pgprot(((pmd_val(*pmd)^phys)&~PMD_TYPE_MASK)|PTE_TYPE_PAGE);
 
                 for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; phys += PAGE_SIZE, i++) {
 
                     set_pte(&pte[i], __pte(phys|prot));
 
                 }
 
                 __pmd_populate(pmd, __pa(pte), PMD_TYPE_TABLE);
 
             } while (pmd++, virt != pud_end);
 
         } while (pud++, virt != pgd_end);
 
     } while (pgd++, virt != end);
 
}
 
 
 
int pte_set_invalid(pte_t *ptep, pgtable_t token, unsigned long addr, void *data)
 
{
 
     set_pte(ptep, pte_val(*ptep)&~PTE_VALID);
 
     return 0;
 
}
 
 
 
int pte_set_valid(pte_t *ptep, pgtable_t token, unsigned long addr, void *data)
 
{
 
     set_pte(ptep, pte_val(*ptep)|PTE_VALID);
 
     return 0;
 
}
 
 
 
int pte_set_rdonly(pte_t *ptep, pgtable_t token, unsigned long addr, void *data)
 
{
 
     set_pte(ptep, pte_val(*ptep)|PTE_RDONLY);
 
     return 0;
 
}
 
2. 在alps/kernel/arch/arm64/mm/mmu.c的paging_init()里调用split_pgtable(),比如放在map_mem()及fixup_executable()之后:
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void __init paging_init( void )
 
{
 
     void *zero_page;
 
 
 
     map_mem();
 
     fixup_executable(); //3.10无此函数
 
     split_pgtable(); // add this line
 
}
 
3. 修改alps/kernel/init/main.c,使其调用mark_rodata_ro()函数:
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#ifndef CONFIG_DEBUG_RODATA
 
// static inline void mark_rodata_ro(void) {}/* mark this line */
 
extern void mark_rodata_ro( void ); // add this line
 
#endif
 
通用部分
1. 在alps/kernel/mm/page_alloc.c文件里buddy system的分配和释放添加MMU设置api:
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#if 1 /* add this block */
 
int set_memory_invalid(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
 
{
 
     extern int pte_set_invalid(pte_t *ptep, pgtable_t token, unsigned long addr, void *data);
 
     const unsigned long size = PAGE_SIZE * numpages;
 
 
 
     apply_to_page_range(&init_mm, addr, size, pte_set_invalid, NULL);
 
     flush_tlb_kernel_range(addr, addr + size);
 
     return 0;
 
}
 
EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_memory_invalid);
 
 
 
int set_memory_valid(unsigned long addr, int numpages)
 
{
 
     extern int pte_set_valid(pte_t *ptep, pgtable_t token, unsigned long addr, void *data);
 
     const unsigned long size = PAGE_SIZE * numpages;
 
 
 
     apply_to_page_range(&init_mm, addr, size, pte_set_valid, NULL);
 
     flush_tlb_kernel_range(addr, addr + size);
 
     return 0;
 
}
 
EXPORT_SYMBOL(set_memory_valid);
 
 
 
__weak void mark_rodata_ro( void )
 
{
 
     extern int pte_set_rdonly(pte_t *ptep, pgtable_t token, unsigned long addr, void *data);
 
     extern char _stext[], _etext[];
 
     const unsigned long start = PAGE_ALIGN((unsigned long )_stext);
 
     const unsigned long size = PAGE_ALIGN((unsigned long )_etext) - start;
 
 
 
     apply_to_page_range(&init_mm, start, size, pte_set_rdonly, NULL);
 
}
 
#endif /* block end */
 
 
 
static bool free_pages_prepare( struct page *page, unsigned int order)
 
{
 
     int i;
 
     int bad = 0;
 
// add this block
 
#ifndef CONFIG_ARM64
 
     if (!PageHighMem(page))
 
#endif
 
         set_memory_invalid((unsigned long )lowmem_page_address(page), 1 << order);
 
// block end
 
     ......
 
     return true ;
 
}
 
......
 
static int prep_new_page( struct page *page, int order, gfp_t gfp_flags)
 
{
 
     int i;
 
 
 
     for (i = 0; i < (1 << order); i++) {
 
         struct page *p = page + i;
 
         if (unlikely(check_new_page(p)))
 
             return 1;
 
     }
 
     set_page_private(page, 0);
 
     set_page_refcounted(page);
 
     arch_alloc_page(page, order);
 
     kernel_map_pages(page, 1 << order, 1);
 
// add this block
 
#ifndef CONFIG_ARM64
 
     if (!PageHighMem(page))
 
#endif
 
         set_memory_valid((unsigned long )lowmem_page_address(page), 1 << order);
 
// block end
 
     if (gfp_flags&__GFP_ZERO)
 
         prep_zero_page(page, order, gfp_flags);
 
     ......
 
}
 
2. buddy system除了标准的分配接口还有其他分配接口供特殊使用(memory迁移/mtk PASR),因此也需要添加MMU设置api:
alps/kernel/mm/page_alloc.c( 注意根据你当前的版本要吗按老版本修改,要吗按新版本修改)
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/* 新版本 */
 
int split_free_page( struct page *page)
 
{
 
     unsigned int order;
 
     int nr_pages;
 
 
 
     order = page_order(page);
 
     nr_pages = __isolate_free_page(page, order);
 
     if (!nr_pages)
 
         return 0;
 
// add this block
 
#ifndef CONFIG_ARM64
 
     if (!PageHighMem(page))
 
#endif
 
         set_memory_valid((unsigned long )lowmem_page_address(page), 1 << order);
 
// block end
 
     ......
 
}
 
 
 
/* 老版本 */
 
int split_free_page( struct page *page)
 
{
 
     unsigned int order;
 
     unsigned long watermark;
 
     struct zone *zone;
 
 
 
     BUG_ON(!PageBuddy(page));
 
     zone = page_zone(page);
 
     order = page_order(page);
 
     /* Obey watermarks as if the page was being allocated */
 
     watermark = low_wmark_pages(zone) + (1 << order);
 
     if (!zone_watermark_ok(zone, 0, watermark, 0, 0))
 
         return 0;
 
// add this block
 
#ifndef CONFIG_ARM64
 
     if (!PageHighMem(page))
 
#endif
 
         set_memory_valid((unsigned long )lowmem_page_address(page), 1 << order);
 
// block end
 
     ......
 
}
 
......
 
/* 如果没有pasr_find_free_page()函数则忽略!!! */
 
int pasr_find_free_page( struct page *page, struct list_head *freelist)
 
{
 
     struct zone *z = page_zone(page);
 
     unsigned int order;
 
     int free_count, i;
 
 
 
     /* Remove page from free list */
 
     order = page_order(page);
 
// add this block
 
#ifndef CONFIG_ARM64
 
     if (!PageHighMem(page))
 
#endif
 
         set_memory_valid((unsigned long )lowmem_page_address(page), 1 << order);
 
// block end
 
     list_del(&page->lru);
 
     ......
 
}
 
3. slub有一处需要修改,在alps/kernel/mm/slub.c里的get_freepointer_safe()函数:
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static inline void *get_freepointer_safe( struct kmem_cache *s, void *object)
 
{
 
     void *p;
 
 
 
//#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC // 注释这行代码
 
     p = ( void *)~( uintptr_t )0; // add this line
 
     probe_kernel_read(&p, ( void **)(object + s->offset), sizeof (p));
 
//#else // 注释这行代码
 
//    p = get_freepointer(s, object); // 注释这行代码
 
//#endif // 注释这行代码
 
     return p;
 
}
 
4. 在alps/kernel/mm/vmalloc.c里将申请的内存无效化:
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static void *__vmalloc_area_node( struct vm_struct *area, gfp_t gfp_mask, pgprot_t prot, int node)
 
{
 
     ......
 
     for (i = 0; i < area->nr_pages; i++) {
 
         struct page *page;
 
 
 
         if (node == NUMA_NO_NODE)
 
             page = alloc_page(alloc_mask);
 
         else
 
             page = alloc_pages_node(node, alloc_mask, order);
 
         if (unlikely(!page)) {
 
             /* Successfully allocated i pages, free them in __vunmap() */
 
             area->nr_pages = i;
 
             goto fail;
 
         }
 
// add this block
 
        {
 
         extern int set_memory_invalid(unsigned long addr, int numpages);
 
#ifndef CONFIG_ARM64
 
         if (!PageHighMem(page))
 
#endif
 
             set_memory_invalid((unsigned long )lowmem_page_address(page), 1);
 
        }
 
// block end
 
         area->pages[i] = page;
 
         ......
 
     }
 
     ......
 
}
 
5. 在KE时,alps/mediatek/kernel/drivers/aee/mrdump/mrdump_mini.c会崩溃,原因是memcpy没有检查是否可能产生abort,因此也需要修改下:
注意
    1. kernel-3.18无需这一步!
    2. 请按其中一个和你当前的版本匹配的修改即可
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/* 和KK2.MP13/L0/L1一样的版本 */
 
static void mrdump_mini_dump_loads(loff_t offset, mrdump_write write)
 
{
 
     ......
 
     for (i = 0; i < MRDUMP_MINI_NR_SECTION; i++) {
 
         phdr = &mrdump_mini_ehdr->phdrs[i];
 
         if (phdr->p_type == PT_NULL)
 
             break ;
 
         if (phdr->p_type == PT_LOAD) {
 
             //mrdump_mini_dump_phdr(phdr, &pos);
 
             start = phdr->p_vaddr;
 
             size = ALIGN(phdr->p_filesz, SZ_512);
 
             phdr->p_offset = pos;
 
             // add this block
 
             {
 
                 extern int set_memory_valid(unsigned long virt, int numpages);
 
                 set_memory_valid(start, size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 
             }
 
             //block end
 
             errno = write(( void *)start, pos + offset, size, 1);
 
             ......
 
}
 
 
 
/* 和KK1.MP1一样的版本 */
 
static void __mrdump_mini_core(AEE_REBOOT_MODE reboot_mode, struct pt_regs *regs, const char *msg, va_list ap)
 
{
 
     ......
 
     for (i = 0; i < ELF_NGREG; i++) {
 
         reg = regs->uregs[i];
 
         hdr->reg_desc[i].reg = reg;
 
         if (virt_addr_valid(reg)) {
 
             /*
 
              * ASSUMPION: memory is always in normal zone.
 
              * 1) dump at most 32KB around valid kaddr
 
              */
 
             /* align start address to PAGE_SIZE for gdb */
 
             start = round_down((reg - SZ_16K), PAGE_SIZE);
 
             end = start + SZ_32K;
 
             start = clamp(start, (unsigned long )PAGE_OFFSET, (unsigned long )high_memory);
 
             end = clamp(end, (unsigned long )PAGE_OFFSET, (unsigned long )high_memory) - 1;
 
             hdr->reg_desc[i].kstart = start;
 
             hdr->reg_desc[i].kend = end;
 
             hdr->reg_desc[i].offset = offset;
 
             hdr->reg_desc[i].valid = 1;
 
             size = end - start + 1;
 
             // add this block
 
             {
 
                 extern int set_memory_valid(unsigned long virt, int numpages);
 
                 set_memory_valid(start, size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 
             }
 
             //block end
 
             memcpy (buf + offset, ( void *)start, size);
 
             ......
 
}
 
 
 
/* 和KK1.MP11一样的版本 */
 
static void mrdump_mini_dump_phdr( struct elf_phdr *phdr, loff_t *pos)
 
{
 
     int errno ;
 
     unsigned long start, size;
 
     start = phdr->p_vaddr;
 
     size = ALIGN(phdr->p_filesz, SZ_512);
 
     phdr->p_offset = *pos;
 
     // add this block
 
     {
 
         extern int set_memory_valid(unsigned long virt, int numpages);
 
         set_memory_valid(start, size >> PAGE_SHIFT);
 
     }
 
     //block end
 
     errno = ipanic_mem_write(( void *)start, *pos + mrdump_mini_pos, size, 1);
 
     ......
 
}
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