麦克斯韦方程场分量之间关系公式推导

前段时间遇到了一个问题，电场和磁场可以被表示为：
$$\begin{array}{rl}\vec{\mathrm{E}}& =\left({\vec{\mathrm{e}}}_t+e_z\hat{z}\right)\exp \left(i\beta z\right)\\ \vec{\mathrm{H}}& =\left({\vec{\mathrm{h}}}_t+h_z\hat{z}\right)\exp \left(i\beta z\right)\end{array}$$
显然，${\vec{\mathrm{e}}}_t$是x和y的函数，进一步我们可得：
$$\begin{array}{r}{\nabla }_t\times {\vec{\mathrm{A}}}_t=\hat{z}\left(\frac{\partial A_y}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial A_x}{\partial y}\right)\end{array}$$
现在我们有四个场分量表达式：
$$\begin{array}{rl}{\vec{\mathrm{e}}}_t& =-{\left(\frac{{\mu }_0}{{ϵ}_0}\right)}^{1/2}\frac{1}{k{n}^2}\hat{z}\times \left(\beta {\vec{\mathrm{h}}}_t+i{\nabla }_t{h}_z\right)\\ {\vec{\mathrm{h}}}_t& ={\left(\frac{{ϵ}_0}{{\mu }_0}\right)}^{1/2}\frac{1}{k}\hat{z}\times \left(\beta {\vec{\mathrm{e}}}_t+i{\nabla }_t{e}_z\right)\\ e_z& =i{\left(\frac{{\mu }_0}{{ϵ}_0}\right)}^{1/2}\frac{1}{k{n}^2}\hat{z}\cdot {\nabla }_t\times {\vec{\mathrm{h}}}_t=\frac{i}{\beta }\left[{\nabla }_t\cdot {\vec{\mathrm{e}}}_t+\left({\vec{\mathrm{e}}}_t\cdot {\nabla }_t\right)\ln n^2\right]\\ h_z& =-i{\left(\frac{{ϵ}_0}{{\mu }_0}\right)}^{1/2}\frac{1}{k}\hat{z}\cdot {\nabla }_t\times {\vec{\mathrm{e}}}_t=\frac{i}{\beta }{\nabla }_t\cdot {\vec{\mathrm{h}}}_t\end{array}$$
场分量表达式中的第一个等号的推导显而易见，这里我们着重集中于$e_z$和$h_z$分量中的第二个等号的推导。

$e_z$推导

我们将（5）式代入（7）式中：
$$\begin{array}{rl}\frac{i}{\beta }{\nabla }_t\cdot {\vec{\mathrm{h}}}_t& =\frac{i}{\beta }{\left(\frac{{ϵ}_0}{{\mu }_0}\right)}^{1/2}\frac{1}{k}{\nabla }_t\cdot \hat{z}\times \left(\beta {\vec{\mathrm{e}}}_t+i{\nabla }_t{e}_z\right)\\ & =-i{\left(\frac{{ϵ}_0}{{\mu }_0}\right)}^{1/2}\frac{1}{k}{\nabla }_t\cdot \hat{z}\times \left(\beta {\vec{\mathrm{e}}}_t+\frac{i}{\beta }{\nabla }_t{e}_z\right)\\ & =-i{\left(\frac{{ϵ}_0}{{\mu }_0}\right)}^{1/2}\frac{1}{k}\left({\nabla }_t\cdot -\hat{z}\times {\vec{\mathrm{e}}}_t-{\nabla }_t\cdot \hat{z}\times \frac{i}{\beta }{\nabla }_t{e}_z\right)\\ & =-i{\left(\frac{{ϵ}_0}{{\mu }_0}\right)}^{1/2}\frac{1}{k}\left({\nabla }_t\cdot {\vec{\mathrm{e}}}_t\times \hat{z}-{\nabla }_t\cdot \hat{z}\times \frac{i}{\beta }{\nabla }_t{e}_z\right)\\ & =-i{\left(\frac{{ϵ}_0}{{\mu }_0}\right)}^{1/2}\frac{1}{k}\left(\frac{\partial e_y}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial e_x}{\partial y}\right)\end{array}$$
我们再计算等号左侧部分：
$$\begin{array}{rl}-i{\left(\frac{{ϵ}_0}{{\mu }_0}\right)}^{1/2}\frac{1}{k}\hat{z}\cdot {\nabla }_t\times {\vec{\mathrm{e}}}_t& =-i{\left(\frac{{ϵ}_0}{{\mu }_0}\right)}^{1/2}\frac{1}{k}\hat{z}\cdot \hat{z}\left(\frac{\partial e_y}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial e_x}{\partial y}\right)\\ & =-i{\left(\frac{{ϵ}_0}{{\mu }_0}\right)}^{1/2}\frac{1}{k}\left(\frac{\partial e_y}{\partial x}-\frac{\partial e_x}{\partial y}\right)\end{array}$$
可以看到，（8）式与（9）式完全一致，至此我们证明了第二个等号的正确性。

$h_z$推导

暂时未能成功推出，$\ln n^2$项很诡异。

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