PYTHON设置默认清华源

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已于 2022-04-19 16:38:34 修改

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于 2022-04-19 16:09:33 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u011709380/article/details/124276098

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本文介绍了如何通过配置pip.ini文件，将Python的包安装源切换到清华大学镜像，并解决因代理设置导致的安装django和pip安装第三方库时出现的ValueError。同时提供了针对不同Python版本的安装解决方案，包括Python 2.7和Python 3.x.

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首先打开windows的运行窗口输入 %appdata% ，或者打开目“C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming”

在这里插入图片描述

在新弹出的窗口新建一个pip的文件夹，进入文件夹后，创建一个pip.ini的文件，在文件中写入如下内容：

[global]

timeout = 6000

index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn

文件内容保存好后，使用pip安装第三方库即可从清华源下载。

在这里插入图片描述

问题一：python安装django报错

[C:\~]$ pip install django
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\base_command.py", line 173, in _main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\cli\req_command.py", line 203, in wrapper
    return func(self, options, args)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\commands\install.py", line 315, in run
    requirement_set = resolver.resolve(
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\resolver.py", line 94, in resolve
    result = self._result = resolver.resolve(
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 472, in resolve
    state = resolution.resolve(requirements, max_rounds=max_rounds)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 341, in resolve
    self._add_to_criteria(self.state.criteria, r, parent=None)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\resolvers.py", line 172, in _add_to_criteria
    if not criterion.candidates:
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\resolvelib\structs.py", line 151, in __bool__
    return bool(self._sequence)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 140, in __bool__
    return any(self)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 128, in <genexpr>
    return (c for c in iterator if id(c) not in self._incompatible_ids)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\found_candidates.py", line 29, in _iter_built
    for version, func in infos:
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\resolution\resolvelib\factory.py", line 272, in iter_index_candidate_infos
    result = self._finder.find_best_candidate(
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\package_finder.py", line 851, in find_best_candidate
    candidates = self.find_all_candidates(project_name)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\package_finder.py", line 798, in find_all_candidates
    page_candidates = list(page_candidates_it)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\sources.py", line 134, in page_candidates
    yield from self._candidates_from_page(self._link)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\package_finder.py", line 758, in process_project_url
    html_page = self._link_collector.fetch_page(project_url)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\collector.py", line 490, in fetch_page
    return _get_html_page(location, session=self.session)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\collector.py", line 400, in _get_html_page
    resp = _get_html_response(url, session=session)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\index\collector.py", line 115, in _get_html_response
    resp = session.get(
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 555, in get
    return self.request('GET', url, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_internal\network\session.py", line 454, in request
    return super().request(method, url, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Admin剋istrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 542, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\sessions.py", line 655, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\cachecontrol\adapter.py", line 53, in send
    resp = super(CacheControlAdapter, self).send(request, **kw)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\requests\adapters.py", line 439, in send
    resp = conn.urlopen(
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 696, in urlopen
    self._prepare_proxy(conn)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 964, in _prepare_proxy
    conn.connect()
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\connection.py", line 359, in connect
    conn = self._connect_tls_proxy(hostname, conn)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\connection.py", line 500, in _connect_tls_proxy
    return ssl_wrap_socket(
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\util\ssl_.py", line 453, in ssl_wrap_socket
    ssl_sock = _ssl_wrap_socket_impl(sock, context, tls_in_tls)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\site-packages\pip\_vendor\urllib3\util\ssl_.py", line 495, in _ssl_wrap_socket_impl
    return ssl_context.wrap_socket(sock)
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\ssl.py", line 500, in wrap_socket
    return self.sslsocket_class._create(
  File "C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python39\lib\ssl.py", line 997, in _create
    raise ValueError("check_hostname requires server_hostname")
ValueError: check_hostname requires server_hostname

可以看到最后一行报错：ValueError: check_hostname requires server_hostname

解决办法：查看电脑是否有代理的存在，如果有代理需要关闭代理。

问题二：pip安装第三方库报错

[root@localhost ~]# python -m pip install ipython
/usr/local/bin/python: No module named pip

解决办法如下：
python3可以使用这个脚本，https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py

python2可以使用如下脚本

# python2解决办法
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/2.7/get-pip.py

[root@localhost ~]# python get-pip.py 
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 reached the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 is no longer maintained. pip 21.0 will drop support for Python 2.7 in January 2021. More details about Python 2 support in pip can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support pip 21.0 will remove support for this functionality.
Collecting pip<21.0
  Downloading pip-20.3.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.5 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 1.5 MB 93 kB/s 
Collecting wheel
  Downloading wheel-0.37.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (35 kB)
Installing collected packages: pip, wheel
Successfully installed pip-20.3.4 wheel-0.37.1

[root@localhost ~]# pip -V
WARNING: pip is being invoked by an old script wrapper. This will fail in a future version of pip.
Please see https://github.com/pypa/pip/issues/5599 for advice on fixing the underlying issue.
To avoid this problem you can invoke Python with '-m pip' instead of running pip directly.
pip 20.3.4 from /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip (python 2.7)