尽管“旧”的 I/O 流在用 nio 实现后性能有所提高,但是映射文件访问往往可以更加显著地
加快速度。下面的程序进行了简单的性能比较。
//: c12:MappedIO.java
// {Clean: temp.tmp}
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.*;
import java.nio.channels.*;
public class MappedIO {
private static int numOfInts = 4000000;
private static int numOfUbuffInts = 200000;
private abstract static class Tester {
private String name;
public Tester(String name) { this.name = name; }
public long runTest() {
System.out.print(name + ": ");
try {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
test();
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
return (endTime - startTime);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public abstract void test() throws IOException;
}
private static Tester[] tests = {
new Tester("Stream Write") {
public void test() throws IOException {
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(
new BufferedOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream(new File("temp.tmp"))));
for(int i = 0; i < numOfInts; i++)
dos.writeInt(i);
dos.close();
}
},
new Tester("Mapped Write") {
public void test() throws IOException {
FileChannel fc =
new RandomAccessFile("temp.tmp", "rw")
.getChannel();
IntBuffer ib = fc.map(
FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, fc.size())
.asIntBuffer();
for(int i = 0; i < numOfInts; i++)
ib.put(i);
fc.close();
}
},
new Tester("Stream Read") {
public void test() throws IOException {
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(
new BufferedInputStream(
new FileInputStream("temp.tmp")));
for(int i = 0; i < numOfInts; i++)
dis.readInt();
dis.close();
}
},
new Tester("Mapped Read") {
public void test() throws IOException {
FileChannel fc = new FileInputStream(
new File("temp.tmp")).getChannel();
IntBuffer ib = fc.map(
FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, fc.size())
.asIntBuffer();
while(ib.hasRemaining())
ib.get();
fc.close();
}
},
new Tester("Stream Read/Write") {
public void test() throws IOException {
RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(
new File("temp.tmp"), "rw");
raf.writeInt(1);
for(int i = 0; i < numOfUbuffInts; i++) {
raf.seek(raf.length() - 4);
raf.writeInt(raf.readInt());
}
raf.close();
}
},
new Tester("Mapped Read/Write") {
public void test() throws IOException {
FileChannel fc = new RandomAccessFile(
new File("temp.tmp"), "rw").getChannel();
IntBuffer ib = fc.map(
FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, fc.size())
.asIntBuffer();
ib.put(0);
for(int i = 1; i < numOfUbuffInts; i++)
ib.put(ib.get(i - 1));
fc.close();
}
}
};
public static void main(String[] args) {
for(int i = 0; i < tests.length; i++)
System.out.println(tests[i].runTest());
}
} ///:~
正如在本书前面的例子中所看到的那样,runTest()是一个模板方法(Template Method),
为在匿名内部子类中定义的 test()的各种实现提供了测试框架。每种子类都将执行一种测
试,因此 test()方法为我们进行各种 I/O 操作提供了原型。
尽管映射写似乎要用到 FileOutputStream,但是映射文件中的所有输出必须使用
RandomAccessFile,正如前面程序代码中的读/写一样。
下面是一次运行的输出结果:
Stream Write: 1719
Mapped Write: 359
Stream Read: 750
Mapped Read: 125
Stream Read/Write: 5188
Mapped Read/Write: 16
注意 test()方法包括初始化各种 I/O 对象的时间,因此,即使建立映射文件的花费很大,
加快速度。下面的程序进行了简单的性能比较。
//: c12:MappedIO.java
// {Clean: temp.tmp}
import java.io.*;
import java.nio.*;
import java.nio.channels.*;
public class MappedIO {
private static int numOfInts = 4000000;
private static int numOfUbuffInts = 200000;
private abstract static class Tester {
private String name;
public Tester(String name) { this.name = name; }
public long runTest() {
System.out.print(name + ": ");
try {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
test();
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
return (endTime - startTime);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
public abstract void test() throws IOException;
}
private static Tester[] tests = {
new Tester("Stream Write") {
public void test() throws IOException {
DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(
new BufferedOutputStream(
new FileOutputStream(new File("temp.tmp"))));
for(int i = 0; i < numOfInts; i++)
dos.writeInt(i);
dos.close();
}
},
new Tester("Mapped Write") {
public void test() throws IOException {
FileChannel fc =
new RandomAccessFile("temp.tmp", "rw")
.getChannel();
IntBuffer ib = fc.map(
FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, fc.size())
.asIntBuffer();
for(int i = 0; i < numOfInts; i++)
ib.put(i);
fc.close();
}
},
new Tester("Stream Read") {
public void test() throws IOException {
DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(
new BufferedInputStream(
new FileInputStream("temp.tmp")));
for(int i = 0; i < numOfInts; i++)
dis.readInt();
dis.close();
}
},
new Tester("Mapped Read") {
public void test() throws IOException {
FileChannel fc = new FileInputStream(
new File("temp.tmp")).getChannel();
IntBuffer ib = fc.map(
FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, 0, fc.size())
.asIntBuffer();
while(ib.hasRemaining())
ib.get();
fc.close();
}
},
new Tester("Stream Read/Write") {
public void test() throws IOException {
RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(
new File("temp.tmp"), "rw");
raf.writeInt(1);
for(int i = 0; i < numOfUbuffInts; i++) {
raf.seek(raf.length() - 4);
raf.writeInt(raf.readInt());
}
raf.close();
}
},
new Tester("Mapped Read/Write") {
public void test() throws IOException {
FileChannel fc = new RandomAccessFile(
new File("temp.tmp"), "rw").getChannel();
IntBuffer ib = fc.map(
FileChannel.MapMode.READ_WRITE, 0, fc.size())
.asIntBuffer();
ib.put(0);
for(int i = 1; i < numOfUbuffInts; i++)
ib.put(ib.get(i - 1));
fc.close();
}
}
};
public static void main(String[] args) {
for(int i = 0; i < tests.length; i++)
System.out.println(tests[i].runTest());
}
} ///:~
正如在本书前面的例子中所看到的那样,runTest()是一个模板方法(Template Method),
为在匿名内部子类中定义的 test()的各种实现提供了测试框架。每种子类都将执行一种测
试,因此 test()方法为我们进行各种 I/O 操作提供了原型。
尽管映射写似乎要用到 FileOutputStream,但是映射文件中的所有输出必须使用
RandomAccessFile,正如前面程序代码中的读/写一样。
下面是一次运行的输出结果:
Stream Write: 1719
Mapped Write: 359
Stream Read: 750
Mapped Read: 125
Stream Read/Write: 5188
Mapped Read/Write: 16
注意 test()方法包括初始化各种 I/O 对象的时间,因此,即使建立映射文件的花费很大,
但是整体受益比起 I/O 流来说还是很显著的。