Spring JdbcTemplate为啥叫模板，你知道么？

        在JAVA的设计模式中有一种模式叫模板设计模式，所谓模板，顾名思义，一般就是指准备好了一个固定的模型，使用时套用即可。但在JAVA的设计模式中，还是有点不同，这里的不同主要是“套用”的内容不同，在设计模式中的“套用”，套用的是步骤，并且模板中的某些步骤，是需要使用者自己实现的。举例如下：

//这是一个CPU的计算器模板类
public class CpuCalculator(){
     
      //这是给其他类使用的模板方法，在模板方法中规定了步骤
      public int calculte(){
           this.loadDateFromMemory();
           this.preDoSomething();
           this.doCalculte();
           this.postDoSomething();     
      }

      //这些是需要子类实现的计算步骤
      protected abstract loadDateFromMemory();
      protected abstract preDoSomething();
      protected abstract doCalculte();
      protected abstract postDoSomething();
}

        按照上述理解，我们看看今天的主角  org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate，它为什么是模板？

/**
 * <b>This is the central class in the JDBC core package.</b>
 * It simplifies the use of JDBC and helps to avoid common errors.
 * It executes core JDBC workflow, leaving application code to provide SQL
 * and extract results. This class executes SQL queries or updates, initiating
 * iteration over ResultSets and catching JDBC exceptions and translating
 * them to the generic, more informative exception hierarchy defined in the
 * org.springframework.dao package.
 *
 * <p>Code using this class need only implement callback interfaces, giving
 * them a clearly defined contract. The PreparedStatementCreator callback
 * interface creates a prepared statement given a Connection provided by this
 * class, providing SQL and any necessary parameters. The RowCallbackHandler
 * interface extracts values from each row of a ResultSet.
 *
 * <p>Can be used within a service implementation via direct instantiation
 * with a DataSource reference, or get prepared in an application context
 * and given to services as bean reference. Note: The DataSource should
 * always be configured as a bean in the application context, in the first case
 * given to the service directly, in the second case to the prepared template.
 *
 * <p>The motivation and design of this class is discussed
 * in detail in
 * <a href="http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0764543857/">Expert One-On-One J2EE Design and Development</a>
 * by Rod Johnson (Wrox, 2002).
 *
 * <p>Because this class is parameterizable by the callback interfaces and
 * the SQLExceptionTranslator interface, it isn't necessary to subclass it.
 * All SQL issued by this class is logged.
 *
 * @author Rod Johnson
 * @author Juergen Hoeller
 * @author Yann Caroff
 * @author Thomas Risberg
 * @author Isabelle Muszynski
 * @version $Id: JdbcTemplate.java,v 1.37 2004/03/23 22:48:38 jhoeller Exp $
 * @since May 3, 2001
 * @see org.springframework.dao
 * @see org.springframework.jdbc.datasource
 * @see org.springframework.jdbc.object
 */
public class JdbcTemplate extends JdbcAccessor implements JdbcOperations, InitializingBean {
 
         。。。。
}

      在上面的源码注释中，最能体现模板模式的一句话就是：

       It executes core JDBC workflow, leaving application code to provide SQLand extract results.

       简单翻译一下就是：这个类负责执行核心的JDBC工作流程，业务应用只需要提供SQL语句和处理返回结果即可。那注释里说的这个核心流程是指哪个方法呢？如下：

//-------------------------------------------------------------------------
	// Methods dealing with static SQL (java.sql.Statement)
	//-------------------------------------------------------------------------

	public Object execute(final StatementCallback action) {
        //1、获取数据源连接
		Connection con = DataSourceUtils.getConnection(getDataSource());
		Statement stmt = null;
		try {
			Connection conToUse = con;
			if (this.nativeJdbcExtractor != null &&
					this.nativeJdbcExtractor.isNativeConnectionNecessaryForNativeStatements()) {
				conToUse = this.nativeJdbcExtractor.getNativeConnection(con);
			}
             //2、准被语句声明，对sql进行预处理
			stmt = conToUse.createStatement();
			DataSourceUtils.applyTransactionTimeout(stmt, getDataSource());
			Statement stmtToUse = stmt;
			if (this.nativeJdbcExtractor != null) {
				stmtToUse = this.nativeJdbcExtractor.getNativeStatement(stmt);
			}
             //3、执行
			Object result = action.doInStatement(stmtToUse);
			SQLWarning warning = stmt.getWarnings();
			throwExceptionOnWarningIfNotIgnoringWarnings(warning);
			return result;
		}
		catch (SQLException ex) {
			throw getExceptionTranslator().translate("executing StatementCallback", null, ex);
		}
		finally {
            //4、关闭声明和结果集
			JdbcUtils.closeStatement(stmt);
             //5、关闭连接
			DataSourceUtils.closeConnectionIfNecessary(con, getDataSource());
		}
	}

       代码中的1-5步，就是所谓的模板这个的步骤，其中使用者只需要关注和实现第3步，以及对返回结果的处理。

       正如注释中所说：Leaving application code to provide SQLand extract results

       让使用模板的用户只关注核心业务，就是模板模式的应有之意。