使用soci操作数据库

基本操作

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <list>
#include <cassert>

#include "soci.h"

// 使用soci访问sqlite3.

// 参考 http://blog.csdn.net/littlewhite1989/article/details/54691367
// soci官方文档test-sqlite3.cpp

// 创建表
static void CreateTable(soci::session& db) {
  db << "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS STUDENTS ("
        "ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,"
        "NAME VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,"
        "AGE INTEGER NOT NULL"
        ")";
}

// 插入数据
static void TestInsert(soci::session& db, const std::string& name, int age) {
  // 2.直接执行语句，相当于调用sqlite3_exec(),使用soci::use来传递参数。
  try {
    db << "INSERT INTO STUDENTS(NAME, AGE) VALUES(:name, :age)", soci::use(name), soci::use(age);
    } catch (const soci::soci_error& e) {
      std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
      return;
    }
}

// 删除数据
static void TestDelete(soci::session& db, const std::string& name) {
  // 3.先prepare编译SQL语句，然后在执行。
  soci::statement stmt = (db.prepare << "DELETE FROM STUDENTS WHERE NAME = :name", soci::use(name));
  stmt.execute(true);
  long long affected_rows = stmt.get_affected_rows();
  std::cout << "Affected rows is " << affected_rows << "." << std::endl;
}

// 修改数据
static void TestUpdate(soci::session& db, const std::string& name, int age) {
  try {
    db << "UPDATE STUDENTS SET AGE = :age WHERE NAME = :name", soci::use(age), soci::use(name);
  } catch (const soci::soci_error& e) {
    std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
    return;
  }
}

// 查询数据
static void TestSelect(soci::session& db, int id) {
  std::string name;
  int age = -1;

  try {
    db << "SELECT NAME, AGE FROM STUDENTS WHERE ID = :id", soci::use(id), soci::into(name), soci::into(age);
  } catch (const soci::soci_error& e) {
    std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
  }

  if (!db.got_data()) {
    std::cout << "Select none!" << std::endl;
    return;
  }

  std::cout << "Id: " << id << ", Name: " << name << ", Age: " << age << std::endl;
}

// 显式开启事务
static void TestTransaction(soci::session& db) {
  soci::transaction transaction(db);

  std::string name = "Zhe";
  for (int age = 0; age < 10000; ++age) {
    try {
      db << "INSERT INTO STUDENTS(NAME, AGE) VALUES(:name, :age)", soci::use(name), soci::use(age);
    } catch (const soci::soci_error& e) {
      std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
      transaction.rollback();
      return;
    }
  }

  transaction.commit();
}

// TODO: 使用prepare执行方法，没有正确显式开启事务，执行速度非常慢。
static void FailedTestTransaction(soci::session& db) {
  soci::transaction transaction(db);
  soci::statement stmt = db.prepare << "INSERT INTO STUDENTS(NAME, AGE) VALUES(:name, :age)";

  for (int i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
    std::string name = "Zhe";
    stmt.exchange(soci::use(name, "name"));
    stmt.exchange(soci::use(i, "age"));
    stmt.define_and_bind();
    stmt.execute(true);
  }

  transaction.commit();
}

// 统计有多少行数据
static long long TestCountAllRows(soci::session& db) {
  long long count = 0;

  try {
    db << "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM STUDENTS", soci::into(count);
  } catch (const soci::soci_error& e) {
    std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
    return count;
  }

  std::cout << "The rows count is " << count << std::endl;

  return count;
}

// 查询所有数据
static void TestSelectAll(soci::session& db) {
  soci::rowset<soci::row> rs = db.prepare << "SELECT * FROM STUDENTS";
  for (const soci::row& r : rs) {
    std::cout << "Id: " << r.get<int>(0);
    std::cout << ", Name: " << r.get<std::string>(1);
    std::cout << ", Age: " << r.get<int>(2) << std::endl;
  }
}

int main() {
  // 1.打开数据库，如果数据库不存在，则创建文件数据库soci_test.db。
  soci::session db("sqlite3", "soci_test.db");

  CreateTable(db);

  TestDelete(db, "Zhe");
  TestInsert(db, "Zhe", 15);
  TestUpdate(db, "Zhe", 123);
  TestSelect(db, 1);

  TestCountAllRows(db);
  TestSelectAll(db);
  TestTransaction(db);
  FailedTestTransaction(db);

  return 0;
}

ORM

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <list>

#include "soci.h"

using namespace std;

// 参考 http://blog.csdn.net/littlewhite1989/article/details/54691367

// 1. 对象关系映射（Object Relational Mapping，简称ORM）模式是一种为了解决面向对象
// 与关系数据库存在的互不匹配的现象的技术。

static void CreateTable(soci::session& db) {
  db << "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS TEACHERS ("
    "ID INTEGER NOT NULL,"
    "NAME VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,"
    "AGE INTEGER NOT NULL"
    ")";
}

struct TEACHER {
  int id;
  std::string name;
  int age;

  TEACHER()
      : id(-1)
      , age(-1) {
  }
};

std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const TEACHER& teacher) {
  out << "Id: " << teacher.id << ", Name: " << teacher.name << ", Age: " << teacher.age;
  return out;
}

namespace soci {

template<>
struct type_conversion<TEACHER> {
  typedef values base_type;

  static void from_base(const values& v, indicator ind , TEACHER& teacher) {
    teacher.id = v.get<int>("ID");
    teacher.name = v.get<std::string>("NAME");
    teacher.age = v.get<int>("AGE");
  }

  static void to_base(const TEACHER& teacher, values& v, indicator& ind) {
    v.set("ID", teacher.id);
    v.set("NAME", teacher.name);
    v.set("AGE", teacher.age);
    ind = i_ok;
  }
};

}  // namespace soci

static void TestInsert(soci::session& db) {
  TEACHER teacher;
  teacher.id = 101;
  teacher.name = "Zhe";
  teacher.age = 10;

  // soci::use可直接使用对象teacher，会根据占位符指定字段。
  try {
    db << "INSERT INTO TEACHERS VALUES(:ID, :NAME, :AGE)", soci::use(teacher);
  } catch (const soci::soci_error& e) {
    std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
    return;
  }
}

static void TestSelect(soci::session& db, int id) {
  TEACHER teacher;

  try {
    db << "SELECT * FROM TEACHERS WHERE ID = :id", soci::use(id), soci::into(teacher);
  } catch (const soci::soci_error& e) {
    std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
    return;
  }

  std::cout << teacher << std::endl;
}

static void TestUpdate(soci::session& db, const TEACHER& teacher) {
  try {
    db << "UPDATE TEACHERS SET NAME=:NAME, AGE=:AGE WHERE ID=:ID", soci::use(teacher);
  } catch (const soci::soci_error& e) {
    cout << "err:" << e.what() << endl;
    return;
  }
}

static void TestDelete(soci::session& db, const TEACHER& teacher) {
  try {
    db << "DELETE FROM TEACHERS WHERE NAME=:NAME", soci::use(teacher);
  } catch (const soci::soci_error& e) {
    cout << "err:" << e.what() << endl;
    return;
  }
}

static void TestSelectAll(soci::session& db) {
  soci::rowset<TEACHER> teachers = db.prepare << "SELECT * FROM TEACHERS";
  for (const TEACHER& teacher : teachers) {
    std::cout << teacher << std::endl;
  }
}

int main002() {
  soci::session db("sqlite3", "soci_test.db");
  
  CreateTable(db);

  TestInsert(db);
  TestSelectAll(db);

  TestSelect(db, 101);

  TEACHER teacher;
  teacher.id = 101;
  teacher.name = "ZZZ";
  teacher.age = 111;
  TestUpdate(db, teacher);
  TestSelectAll(db);

  TestDelete(db, teacher);
  TestSelectAll(db);

  return 0;
}