Spring(七)用@Resource和@Autowired注解完成属性装配及自动装配

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-27 09:16:41 发布

Linda L

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-27 09:16:41 发布

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使用到注解需导入jar包：common-annotations.jar
手工装配依赖对象有两种编程方式：
一、在xml配置文件中通过bean节点进行配置，如：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd">
    <bean id="personDao" class="test.spring.dao.impl.PersonDaoBean" />
    <bean id="personService" class="test.spring.service.impl.PersonServiceBean3">
        <constructor-arg index="0" type="test.spring.dao.PersonDao" ref="personDao"/>
        <constructor-arg index="1" value="LinDL"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

二、在Java代码中使用@Autowired或@Resource注解方式进行装配。但需在xml配置文件中配置以下信息：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">

    <!-- 把针对注解的容器注射到Spring容器中 -->
    <context:annotation-config />

    <bean id="..." class="..." />

</beans>

这个配置隐式注册了多个对注释进行解析处理的处理器：AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor、CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor、PersistenceAnnotationBeanPostProcessor、RequireAnnotationBeanPostProcessor

在代码中使用@Autowired或@Resource注解方式进行装配，这两个注解的区别是：
@Autowired默认按类型装配，@Resource默认按名称装配，当找不到与名称匹配的bean才会按类型装配。
用于字段上
@Resource
private PersonDao personDao;
用于属性的setter方法上
@Resource
public void setPersonDao(PersonDao personDao) {
this.personDao = personDao;
}

一个应用@Resource的例子：

package test.spring.dao;

public interface PersonDao {

    public abstract void add();

}

package test.spring.dao.impl;

import test.spring.dao.PersonDao;


public class PersonDaoBean implements PersonDao {

    @Override
    public void add(){
        System.out.println("执行PersonDaoBean里的test1()方法");
    }
}

package test.spring.service;

public interface PersonService2 {

    public abstract void save();
}

package test.spring.service.impl;

import javax.annotation.Resource;

import test.spring.dao.PersonDao;
import test.spring.service.PersonService2;

public class PersonServiceBean4 implements PersonService2 {

    // 先根据属性名personDao在beans2.xml中查找注入，如果找不到对应的就会按照类型进行注入
    // @Resource
    // private PersonDao personDao;

    // 也可以指定配置文件中的id进行注入
    // @Resource(name = "personDaoxx")
    private PersonDao personDao;

    public PersonServiceBean4() {

    }

    public PersonDao getPersonDao() {
        return personDao;
    }

    // 也可以通过属性的setter方法进行注入，不能用于属性的getter方法
    @Resource
    public void setPersonDao(PersonDao personDao) {
        this.personDao = personDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void save() {
        personDao.add();
    }
}

beans2.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
    <!-- 把针对注解的容器注射到Spring容器中 -->
    <context:annotation-config />
    <bean id="personDaoxx" class="test.spring.dao.impl.PersonDaoBean" />
    <bean id="personService" class="test.spring.service.impl.PersonServiceBean4"></bean>
</beans>

package test.spring.jnit;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import test.spring.service.PersonService2;

public class SpringTest3 {

    @Test
    public void testInject() {
        AbstractApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
                "beans2.xml");
        PersonService2 personService = (PersonService2) applicationContext
                .getBean("personService");
        personService.save();
        applicationContext.close();
    }

}

@Autowired的应用

package test.spring.service.impl;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;

import test.spring.dao.PersonDao;
import test.spring.service.PersonService2;

public class PersonServiceBean5 implements PersonService2 {

    // 按类型进行装配
    // @Autowired
    // private PersonDao personDao;

    // 按名称进行装配
    // @Autowired@Qualifier("personDaoxx")
    // private PersonDao personDao;

    /*
     * required=true,如果在Spring中根据类型找不到对应的容器，就会报没有成功地为这个字段注入值;
     * required=false,如果在Spring容器里面找不到与类型匹配的bean,就会把这个变量设为null
     */
    @Autowired(required = true)
    @Qualifier("personDaoxx")
    private PersonDao personDao;

    public PersonServiceBean5() {

    }

    public PersonDao getPersonDao() {
        return personDao;
    }

    public void setPersonDao(PersonDao personDao) {
        this.personDao = personDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void save() {
        personDao.add();
    }
}

自动装配,使用自动装配方式难以调试，程序中的bug通常在运行过程中出现问题才发现，而且容易出现难以预料的问题，故不建议使用。
beans3.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">

    <bean id="personDaoxx" class="test.spring.dao.impl.PersonDaoBean" />
    <bean id="personService" class="test.spring.service.impl.PersonServiceBean6" autowire="byType"></bean>

</beans>

package test.spring.service.impl;

import test.spring.dao.PersonDao;
import test.spring.service.PersonService2;

public class PersonServiceBean6 implements PersonService2 {

    private PersonDao personDao;

    public PersonServiceBean6() {

    }

    public void setPersonDao(PersonDao personDao) {
        this.personDao = personDao;
    }

    @Override
    public void save() {
        personDao.add();
    }
}

package test.spring.jnit;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import test.spring.service.PersonService2;

public class SpringTest5 {

    @Test
    public void testAutowired() {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
                "beans3.xml");
        PersonService2 personService = (PersonService2) applicationContext
                .getBean("personService");
        personService.save();
    }

}