LZW编解码算法（C实现）

代码中加入了自己的一些注释，以便于阅读理解。

程序由五个模块组成

lzw.h 定义了一些基本的数据结构，常量，还有变量的初始化等。

#ifndef __LZW_H__
#define __LZW_H__
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <memory.h>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define LZW_BASE    0x102// The code base
#define CODE_LEN       12   // Max code length
#define TABLE_LEN      4099 // It must be prime number and bigger than 2^CODE_LEN=4096.
       // Such as 5051 is also ok.
#define BUFFERSIZE     1024
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
typedef struct
{
    HANDLE      h_sour; // Source file handle.
    HANDLE      h_dest; // Destination file handle.

    HANDLE      h_suffix; // Suffix table handle.
    HANDLE      h_prefix; // Prefix table handle.
    HANDLE      h_code; // Code table handle.

    LPWORD      lp_prefix; // Prefix table head pointer.
    LPBYTE      lp_suffix; // Suffix table head pointer.
    LPWORD      lp_code; // Code table head pointer.

    WORD        code;	
    WORD        prefix;	
    BYTE        suffix;

    BYTE        cur_code_len; // Current code length.[ used in Dynamic-Code-Length mode ]

}LZW_DATA,*PLZW_DATA;

typedef struct
{
    WORD        top;	// size  of  buffer
    WORD        index;	// index of data

    LPBYTE       lp_buffer;  //data of buffer
    HANDLE      h_buffer;	 //handle of buffer

    BYTE         by_left;	//left bit of dw_buffer
    DWORD       dw_buffer;  //encoded data

    BOOL         end_flag;	

}BUFFER_DATA,*PBUFFER_DATA;

typedef struct                  //Stack used in decode
{
WORD        index;
HANDLE      h_stack;
LPBYTE      lp_stack;

}STACK_DATA,*PSTACK_DATA;
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID stack_create( PSTACK_DATA stack )
{
stack->h_stack = GlobalAlloc( GHND , TABLE_LEN*sizeof(BYTE) );
stack->lp_stack = GlobalLock( stack->h_stack );
stack->index = 0;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID stack_destory( PSTACK_DATA stack )
{
GlobalUnlock( stack->h_stack );
    GlobalFree ( stack->h_stack );
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID buffer_create( PBUFFER_DATA    buffer )
{
    buffer->h_buffer   = GlobalAlloc( GHND, BUFFERSIZE*sizeof(BYTE) );
    buffer->lp_buffer = GlobalLock( buffer->h_buffer );
    buffer->top        = 0;
    buffer->index      = 0;
    buffer->by_left    = 0;
    buffer->dw_buffer = 0;
    buffer->end_flag   = FALSE;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID buffer_destory( PBUFFER_DATA   buffer )
{
    GlobalUnlock( buffer->h_buffer );
    GlobalFree ( buffer->h_buffer );
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID re_init_lzw( PLZW_DATA lzw )    //When code table reached its top it should
{                                    //be reinitialized.
    memset( lzw->lp_code, 0xFFFF, TABLE_LEN*sizeof(WORD) );
    lzw->code          = LZW_BASE;
    lzw->cur_code_len = 9;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID lzw_create(PLZW_DATA    lzw,    HANDLE h_sour,    HANDLE h_dest)
{
WORD i;
    lzw->h_code        = GlobalAlloc( GHND, TABLE_LEN*sizeof(WORD) );
    lzw->h_prefix      = GlobalAlloc( GHND, TABLE_LEN*sizeof(WORD) );
    lzw->h_suffix      = GlobalAlloc( GHND, TABLE_LEN*sizeof(BYTE) );
    lzw->lp_code       = GlobalLock( lzw->h_code   );
    lzw->lp_prefix     = GlobalLock( lzw->h_prefix );
    lzw->lp_suffix     = GlobalLock( lzw->h_suffix );
    lzw->code          = LZW_BASE;
    lzw->cur_code_len = 9;
    lzw->h_sour        = h_sour;
    lzw->h_dest        = h_dest;
    memset( lzw->lp_code, 0xFFFF, TABLE_LEN*sizeof(WORD) );

}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID lzw_destory(PLZW_DATA    lzw)
{
    GlobalUnlock( lzw->h_code   );
    GlobalUnlock( lzw->h_prefix );
    GlobalUnlock( lzw->h_suffix );

GlobalFree( lzw->h_code );
    GlobalFree( lzw->h_prefix );
    GlobalFree( lzw->h_suffix );
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#endif

fileio.h 定义了一些文件操作

#ifndef __FILEIO_H__
#define __FILEIO_H__
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <windows.h>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HANDLE file_handle(CHAR* file_name)
{
    HANDLE h_file;
    h_file = CreateFile(file_name,
                       GENERIC_READ|GENERIC_WRITE,
                       FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
                       NULL,
                       OPEN_ALWAYS,
                       0,
                       NULL
                       );
    return h_file;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WORD load_buffer(HANDLE h_sour, PBUFFER_DATA buffer) // Load file to buffer
{
    DWORD ret;
    ReadFile(h_sour,buffer->lp_buffer,BUFFERSIZE,&ret,NULL);
buffer->index = 0;
    buffer->top = (WORD)ret;
    return (WORD)ret;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WORD empty_buffer( PLZW_DATA lzw, PBUFFER_DATA buffer)// Output buffer to file
{

    DWORD ret;
    if(buffer->end_flag) // The flag mark the end of decode
{
if( buffer->by_left )
{
   buffer->lp_buffer[ buffer->index++ ] = (BYTE)( buffer->dw_buffer >> 32-buffer->by_left )<<(8-buffer->by_left);
}
}
WriteFile(lzw->h_dest, buffer->lp_buffer,buffer->index,&ret,NULL);
    buffer->index = 0;
    buffer->top = ret;
    return (WORD)ret;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#endif

hash.h 定义了压缩时所用的码表操作函数，为了快速查找使用了hash算法，还有处理hash冲突的函数

#ifndef __HASH_H__
#define __HASH_H__
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <windows.h>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#define   DIV       TABLE_LEN
#define   HASHSTEP 13         // It should bigger than 0.
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WORD get_hash_index( PLZW_DATA lzw )
{
    DWORD tmp;
    WORD result;
    DWORD prefix;
    DWORD suffix;
    prefix = lzw->prefix;
    suffix = lzw->suffix;
    tmp = prefix<<8 | suffix;
    result = tmp % DIV;
    return result;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WORD re_hash_index( WORD hash ) // If hash conflict occured we must recalculate
{                               // hash index .
    WORD result;
    result = hash + HASHSTEP;
    result = result % DIV;
    return result;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BOOL in_table( PLZW_DATA lzw ) // To find whether current code is already in table.
{
    BOOL result;
    WORD hash;

    hash = get_hash_index( lzw );
    if( lzw->lp_code[ hash ] == 0xFFFF )
    {
        result = FALSE;
}
    else
    {
        if( lzw->lp_prefix[ hash ] == lzw->prefix &&
            lzw->lp_suffix[ hash ] == lzw->suffix )
        {
            result = TRUE;
        }
        else
        {
            result = FALSE;
            while( lzw->lp_code[ hash ] != 0xFFFF )
            {
                if( lzw->lp_prefix[ hash ] == lzw->prefix &&
                    lzw->lp_suffix[ hash ] == lzw->suffix )
                {
                        result = TRUE;
                        break;
                }
                hash = re_hash_index( hash );
            }
        }
    }
    return result;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WORD get_code( PLZW_DATA lzw )
{
    WORD hash;
    WORD code;
    hash = get_hash_index( lzw );
    if( lzw->lp_prefix[ hash ] == lzw->prefix &&
        lzw->lp_suffix[ hash ] == lzw->suffix )
    {
        code = lzw->lp_code[ hash ];
    }
    else
    {
        while( lzw->lp_prefix[ hash ] != lzw->prefix ||
               lzw->lp_suffix[ hash ] != lzw->suffix )
        {
                hash = re_hash_index( hash );
   		}
        code = lzw->lp_code[ hash ];
    }
    return code;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID insert_table( PLZW_DATA lzw )
{

    WORD hash;
    hash = get_hash_index( lzw );
    if( lzw->lp_code[ hash ] == 0xFFFF )
    {
        lzw->lp_prefix[ hash ] = lzw->prefix;
        lzw->lp_suffix[ hash ] = lzw->suffix;
        lzw->lp_code[ hash ]   = lzw->code;
    }
    else
    {
        while( lzw->lp_code[ hash ] != 0xFFFF )
        {
                hash = re_hash_index( hash );
        }
        lzw->lp_prefix[ hash ] = lzw->prefix;
        lzw->lp_suffix[ hash ] = lzw->suffix;
        lzw->lp_code[ hash ]   = lzw->code;
    }

}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#endif

encode.h 压缩程序主函数

#ifndef __ENCODE_H__
#define __ENCODE_H__
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <windows.h>

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID output_code( DWORD code ,PBUFFER_DATA out, PLZW_DATA lzw)
{
    out->dw_buffer |= code << ( 32 - out->by_left - lzw->cur_code_len );
    out->by_left += lzw->cur_code_len;

    while( out->by_left >= 8 )
    {
        if( out->index == BUFFERSIZE )
        {
            empty_buffer( lzw,out);
        }

        out->lp_buffer[ out->index++ ] = (BYTE)( out->dw_buffer >> 24 );
        out->dw_buffer <<= 8;
        out->by_left -= 8;
    }
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID do_encode( PBUFFER_DATA in, PBUFFER_DATA out, PLZW_DATA lzw)
{
    WORD prefix;
    while( in->index != in->top )
{
        if( !in_table(lzw) )
        {
                // current code not in code table
                // then add it to table and output prefix

                insert_table(lzw);
                prefix = lzw->suffix;
                output_code( lzw->prefix ,out ,lzw );
                lzw->code++;

                if( lzw->code == (WORD)1<< lzw->cur_code_len )
                {
                    // code reached current code top(1<<cur_code_len)
                    // then current code length add one
     				lzw->cur_code_len++;
    				if( lzw->cur_code_len == CODE_LEN + 1 )
     				{
    				  re_init_lzw( lzw );
    				}

               }
        }
        else
        {
                // current code already in code table
                // then output nothing
                prefix = get_code(lzw);

        }
        lzw->prefix = prefix;
        lzw->suffix = in->lp_buffer[ in->index++ ];
    }
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID encode(HANDLE h_sour,HANDLE h_dest)
{
    LZW_DATA        lzw;
    BUFFER_DATA     in ;
    BUFFER_DATA     out;

    BOOL first_run = TRUE;

    lzw_create( &lzw ,h_sour,h_dest );
buffer_create( &in );
    buffer_create( &out );

    while( load_buffer( h_sour, &in ) )
    {
        if( first_run )
        {// File length should be considered but here we simply
         // believe file length bigger than 2 bytes.
                lzw.prefix = in.lp_buffer[ in.index++ ];
                lzw.suffix = in.lp_buffer[ in.index++ ];
                first_run = FALSE;
        }
        do_encode(&in , &out, &lzw);
    }

output_code(lzw.prefix, &out , &lzw);
output_code(lzw.suffix, &out , &lzw);
out.end_flag = TRUE;
    empty_buffer( &lzw,&out);

    lzw_destory( &lzw );
    buffer_destory( &in );
    buffer_destory( &out );
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#endif

decode.h 解压函数主函数

#ifndef __DECODE_H__
#define __DECODE_H__
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <windows.h>
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID out_code( WORD code ,PBUFFER_DATA buffer,PLZW_DATA lzw,PSTACK_DATA stack)
{
WORD tmp;
if( code < 0x100 )
{
stack->lp_stack[ stack->index++ ] = code;
}
else
{
   stack->lp_stack[ stack->index++ ] = lzw->lp_suffix[ code ];
   tmp = lzw->lp_prefix[ code ];
   while( tmp > 0x100 )
   {
    stack->lp_stack[ stack->index++ ] = lzw->lp_suffix[ tmp ];
    tmp = lzw->lp_prefix[ tmp ];
   }
   stack->lp_stack[ stack->index++ ] = (BYTE)tmp;

}

while( stack->index )
{
if( buffer->index == BUFFERSIZE )
{
   empty_buffer(lzw,buffer);
}
buffer->lp_buffer[ buffer->index++ ] = stack->lp_stack[ --stack->index ] ;
}
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID insert_2_table(PLZW_DATA lzw )
{

lzw->lp_code[ lzw->code ]   = lzw->code;
lzw->lp_prefix[ lzw->code ] = lzw->prefix;
lzw->lp_suffix[ lzw->code ] = lzw->suffix;
lzw->code++;

if( lzw->code == ((WORD)1<<lzw->cur_code_len)-1 )
{
lzw->cur_code_len++;
if( lzw->cur_code_len == CODE_LEN+1 )
lzw->cur_code_len = 9;
}
if(lzw->code >= 1<<CODE_LEN )
{
re_init_lzw(lzw);
}

}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
WORD get_next_code( PBUFFER_DATA buffer , PLZW_DATA lzw )
{

BYTE next;
WORD code;
while( buffer->by_left < lzw->cur_code_len )
{
if( buffer->index == BUFFERSIZE )
{
   load_buffer( lzw->h_sour, buffer );
}
next = buffer->lp_buffer[ buffer->index++ ];
buffer->dw_buffer |= (DWORD)next << (24-buffer->by_left);
buffer->by_left   += 8;
}
code = buffer->dw_buffer >> ( 32 - lzw->cur_code_len );
buffer->dw_buffer <<= lzw->cur_code_len;
buffer->by_left    -= lzw->cur_code_len;

return code;
}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID do_decode( PBUFFER_DATA in, PBUFFER_DATA out, PLZW_DATA lzw, PSTACK_DATA stack)
{
WORD code;
WORD tmp;
while( in->index != in->top )
{
code = get_next_code( in ,lzw );

if( code < 0x100 )
{
   // code already in table
   // then simply output the code
   lzw->suffix = (BYTE)code;
}
else
{
   if( code < lzw->code )
   {
    // code also in table
    // then output code chain

    tmp = lzw->lp_prefix[ code ];
    while( tmp > 0x100 )
    {
     tmp = lzw->lp_prefix[ tmp ];
    }
    lzw->suffix = (BYTE)tmp;
   }
   else
   {
    // code == lzw->code
    // code not in table
    // add code into table
    // and out put code
    tmp = lzw->prefix;  
    while( tmp > 0x100 )
    {
     tmp = lzw->lp_prefix[ tmp ];
    }
    lzw->suffix = (BYTE)tmp;
   }
}
insert_2_table( lzw );
out_code(code,out,lzw,stack);

lzw->prefix = code;

}

}
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
VOID decode( HANDLE h_sour, HANDLE h_dest )
{
    LZW_DATA        lzw;
    BUFFER_DATA     in ;
    BUFFER_DATA     out;
STACK_DATA      stack;
BOOL   first_run;

first_run = TRUE;

    lzw_create( &lzw ,h_sour,h_dest );
    buffer_create( &in );
buffer_create( &out );
stack_create(&stack );

    while( load_buffer( h_sour, &in ) )
    {
if( first_run )
{
   lzw.prefix = get_next_code( &in, &lzw );
   lzw.suffix = lzw.prefix;
   out_code(lzw.prefix, &out, &lzw , &stack);
   first_run = FALSE;
}
        do_decode(&in , &out, &lzw, &stack);
    }

    empty_buffer( &lzw,&out);

    lzw_destory( &lzw );
    buffer_destory( &in );
    buffer_destory( &out );
stack_destory( &stack);
}
#endif