连接池的作用就是为了提高性能，既然能提高性能还等啥，我们自己模拟编写一个连接池，探其究竟，明其原理。

连接池的作用就是为了提高性能。

连接池的作用：连接池是将已经创建好的连接保存在池中，当有请求来时，直接使用已经创建好的连接对数据库进行访问。这样省略了创建连接和销毁连接的过程。这样性能上得到了提高。

基本原理是这样的：

1. 建立数据库连接池对象（服务器启动）。
2. 按照事先指定的参数创建初始数量的数据库连接（即：空闲连接数）。
3. 对于一个数据库访问请求，直接从连接池中得到一个连接。如果数据库连接池对象中没有空闲的连接，且连接数没有达到最大（即：最大活跃连接数），创建一个新的数据库连接。
4. 存取数据库。
5. 关闭数据库，释放所有数据库连接（此时的关闭数据库连接，并非真正关闭，而是将其放入空闲队列中。如实际空闲连接数大于初始空闲连接数则释放连接）。
6. 释放数据库连接池对象（服务器停止、维护期间，释放数据库连接池对象，并释放所有连接）。

连接池的概念和为什么要使用连接池？

连接池放了N个Connection对象，本质上放在内存当中，在内存中划出一块缓存对象，应用程序每次从池里获得Connection对象，而不是直接从数据里获得，这样不占用服务器的内存资源。

如果不使用连接池会出现的情况：

• 占用服务器的内存资源
• 导致服务器的速度非常慢

 既然，大家都了解了连接池的好处，那么我就动手写个固定大小的连接池，以方便伙伴们学习和交流。话不多说，直接上代码，走着~

package com.smallfan.connectionpool;

import com.smallfan.TestVisiblity;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerArray;

/**
 * @PACKAGE_NAME: com.smallfan.connectionpool
 * @NAME: ConnectionPool
 * @USER: dell
 * @DATE: 2020/5/28
 * @PROJECT_NAME: aboutthread
 * 模拟实现固定大小的数据库连接池
 */
public class TestPool{
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //初始化连接池
        ConnectionPool pool = new ConnectionPool(2);

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {//创建5个线程争抢连接池
            new Thread(()->{
                Connection apply = pool.apply();
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(1000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                pool.free(apply);
            }).start();
        }
    }
}
class ConnectionPool {
    static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ConnectionPool.class);
    //初始化连接池池大小
    private final int poolSize;
    //使用数组存储连接对象
    private Connection[] connections;
    //使用原子数组记录连接池状态 0：空闲 1：繁忙
    private AtomicIntegerArray status;
    //初始化
    public ConnectionPool(int poolSize) {
        this.poolSize = poolSize;
        this.connections = new Connection[poolSize];
        this.status = new AtomicIntegerArray(new int[poolSize]);
        for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {//初始化数据库连接
            connections[i] = new TestConnection("连接"+i);
        }
    }
    //申请连接
    public Connection apply(){
        while (true){
            for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
                if(status.get(i) == 0){//是否存在空闲的连接
                    if(status.compareAndSet(i,0,1)){//更新空闲连接为繁忙状态，保证原子操作并返回true
                        logger.info("获取连接 {}",connections[i]);
                        return connections[i];
                    }
                }
            }
            //若都是繁忙状态，阻塞
            synchronized (this){
                try {
                    logger.info("等待连接");
                    this.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
    //释放连接
    public void free(Connection connection){
        for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
            if (connections[i] == connection){
                logger.info("释放连接{}",connections[i]);
                status.set(i,0);
                synchronized (this){
                    this.notifyAll();
                }
                break;
            }
        }
    }

}
//模拟实现Connection接口
class TestConnection implements Connection{

    String name;

    public TestConnection(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "TestConnection{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public String nativeSQL(String sql) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public void setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) throws SQLException {

    }

    public boolean getAutoCommit() throws SQLException {
        return false;
    }

    public void commit() throws SQLException {

    }

    public void rollback() throws SQLException {

    }

    public void close() throws SQLException {

    }

    public boolean isClosed() throws SQLException {
        return false;
    }

    public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) throws SQLException {

    }

    public boolean isReadOnly() throws SQLException {
        return false;
    }

    public void setCatalog(String catalog) throws SQLException {

    }

    public String getCatalog() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public void setTransactionIsolation(int level) throws SQLException {

    }

    public int getTransactionIsolation() throws SQLException {
        return 0;
    }

    public SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public void clearWarnings() throws SQLException {

    }

    public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public Map<String, Class<?>> getTypeMap() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public void setTypeMap(Map<String, Class<?>> map) throws SQLException {

    }

    public void setHoldability(int holdability) throws SQLException {

    }

    public int getHoldability() throws SQLException {
        return 0;
    }

    public Savepoint setSavepoint() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public Savepoint setSavepoint(String name) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public void rollback(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {

    }

    public void releaseSavepoint(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {

    }

    public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int[] columnIndexes) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, String[] columnNames) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public Clob createClob() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public Blob createBlob() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public NClob createNClob() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public SQLXML createSQLXML() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public boolean isValid(int timeout) throws SQLException {
        return false;
    }

    public void setClientInfo(String name, String value) throws SQLClientInfoException {

    }

    public void setClientInfo(Properties properties) throws SQLClientInfoException {

    }

    public String getClientInfo(String name) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public Properties getClientInfo() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public Array createArrayOf(String typeName, Object[] elements) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public Struct createStruct(String typeName, Object[] attributes) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public void setSchema(String schema) throws SQLException {

    }

    public String getSchema() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public void abort(Executor executor) throws SQLException {

    }

    public void setNetworkTimeout(Executor executor, int milliseconds) throws SQLException {

    }

    public int getNetworkTimeout() throws SQLException {
        return 0;
    }

    public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException {
        return false;
    }
}

查看输出结果：

2020-05-28 23:37:18:687 [Thread-2] 等待连接
2020-05-28 23:37:18:689 [Thread-0] 获取连接 TestConnection{name='连接1'}
2020-05-28 23:37:18:689 [Thread-1] 获取连接 TestConnection{name='连接0'}
2020-05-28 23:37:18:716 [Thread-4] 等待连接
2020-05-28 23:37:18:716 [Thread-3] 等待连接
2020-05-28 23:37:19:717 [Thread-1] 释放连接TestConnection{name='连接0'}
2020-05-28 23:37:19:717 [Thread-0] 释放连接TestConnection{name='连接1'}
2020-05-28 23:37:19:718 [Thread-3] 获取连接 TestConnection{name='连接0'}
2020-05-28 23:37:19:718 [Thread-2] 等待连接
2020-05-28 23:37:19:718 [Thread-4] 获取连接 TestConnection{name='连接1'}
2020-05-28 23:37:20:732 [Thread-3] 释放连接TestConnection{name='连接0'}
2020-05-28 23:37:20:732 [Thread-2] 获取连接 TestConnection{name='连接0'}
2020-05-28 23:37:20:732 [Thread-4] 释放连接TestConnection{name='连接1'}
2020-05-28 23:37:21:732 [Thread-2] 释放连接TestConnection{name='连接0'}

 好像没有什么问题，欢迎伙伴们交流讨论，等你哦~