Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree问题及解法

问题描述：

Given a binary search tree (BST), find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the BST.

According to the definition of LCA on Wikipedia: “The lowest common ancestor is defined between two nodes v and w as the lowest node in T that has both v and w as descendants (where we allow a node to be a descendant of itself).”

示例：

        _______6______
       /              \
    ___2__          ___8__
   /      \        /      \
   0      _4       7       9
         /  \
         3   5

 the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of nodes 2 and 8 is 6. Another example is LCA of nodes 2 and 4 is 2, since a node can be a descendant of itself according to the LCA definition.

问题分析：

对于二元搜索树，它有个特点，左节点的值小于等于根结点，右结点大于等于根节点。

过程详见代码：

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode *left;
 *     TreeNode *right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) : val(x), left(NULL), right(NULL) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    TreeNode* lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode* root, TreeNode* p, TreeNode* q) {
        if (p -> val < root -> val && q -> val < root -> val)
            return lowestCommonAncestor(root -> left, p, q);
        if (p -> val > root -> val && q -> val > root -> val)
            return lowestCommonAncestor(root -> right, p, q);
        return root;
    }
    
    
};