恢复管理器（RMAN）

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最新推荐文章于 2024-06-03 10:20:45 发布

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分类专栏：备份与恢复 DBA 文章标签： oracle 数据库

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如何启动RMAN

[oracle@oracle-db-19c ~]$ rman

Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Jan 2 09:09:03 2023
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

RMAN> connect target /

connected to target database: CDB1 (DBID=1093429351)

RMAN> 

RMAN> exit


Recovery Manager complete.
[oracle@oracle-db-19c ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Jan 2 09:10:11 2023
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: CDB1 (DBID=1093429351)

RMAN>

查看数据库中有什么？

RMAN> report schema;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name CDB1

List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1    920      SYSTEM               YES     /u02/oradata/CDB1/system01.dbf
3    730      SYSAUX               NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/sysaux01.dbf
4    290      UNDOTBS1             YES     /u02/oradata/CDB1/undotbs01.dbf
5    270      PDB$SEED:SYSTEM      NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdbseed/system01.dbf
6    330      PDB$SEED:SYSAUX      NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdbseed/sysaux01.dbf
7    5        USERS                NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/users01.dbf
8    100      PDB$SEED:UNDOTBS1    NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdbseed/undotbs01.dbf
9    300      PDB1:SYSTEM          YES     /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/system01.dbf
10   440      PDB1:SYSAUX          NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/sysaux01.dbf
11   165      PDB1:UNDOTBS1        YES     /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/undotbs01.dbf
12   217      PDB1:USERS           NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/users01.dbf
13   290      PDB2:SYSTEM          NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb2/system01.dbf
14   430      PDB2:SYSAUX          NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb2/sysaux01.dbf
15   165      PDB2:UNDOTBS1        NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb2/undotbs01.dbf
16   217      PDB2:USERS           NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb2/users01.dbf
17   270      CNDBAPDB:SYSTEM      NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb/system01.dbf
18   360      CNDBAPDB:SYSAUX      NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb/sysaux01.dbf
19   100      CNDBAPDB:UNDOTBS1    NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb/undotbs01.dbf
20   150      CNDBAPDB:CNDBA       NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb/cndba01.dbf
25   270      CNDBAPDB2:SYSTEM     NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb2/system01.dbf
26   350      CNDBAPDB2:SYSAUX     NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb2/sysaux01.dbf
27   100      CNDBAPDB2:UNDOTBS1   NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb2/undotbs01.dbf
28   0        CNDBAPDB2:CNDBA      NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb2/cndba01.dbf
37   270      CNDBAPDB3:SYSTEM     NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/EE966433CFF1B7D7E0538A08A8C04375/datafile/o1_mf_system_krc75pcx_.dbf
38   350      CNDBAPDB3:SYSAUX     NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/EE966433CFF1B7D7E0538A08A8C04375/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_krc75pd1_.dbf
39   100      CNDBAPDB3:UNDOTBS1   NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/EE966433CFF1B7D7E0538A08A8C04375/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_krc75pd1_.dbf
40   150      CNDBAPDB3:CNDBA      NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/EE966433CFF1B7D7E0538A08A8C04375/datafile/o1_mf_cndba_krc75pd2_.dbf
45   310      CNDBAPDB4_FRESH:SYSTEM NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb4_fresh/system01.dbf
46   440      CNDBAPDB4_FRESH:SYSAUX NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb4_fresh/sysaux01.dbf
47   100      CNDBAPDB4_FRESH:UNDOTBS1 NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb4_fresh/undotbs01.dbf
48   313      CNDBAPDB4_FRESH:USERS NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb4_fresh/users01.dbf
57   290      CNDBAPDB6:SYSTEM     NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/EECFD8030E829AE2E0538A08A8C02B62/datafile/o1_mf_system_krlrcwxh_.dbf
58   430      CNDBAPDB6:SYSAUX     NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/EECFD8030E829AE2E0538A08A8C02B62/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_krlrcwxm_.dbf
59   165      CNDBAPDB6:UNDOTBS1   NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/EECFD8030E829AE2E0538A08A8C02B62/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_krlrcwxn_.dbf
60   217      CNDBAPDB6:USERS      NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/EECFD8030E829AE2E0538A08A8C02B62/datafile/o1_mf_users_krlrcwxn_.dbf
85   50       PDB1:DATA01          NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/data01.dbf
106  10       PDB1:TEACH10         NO      /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/teach10.dbf

List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace           Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1    130      TEMP                 32767       /u02/oradata/CDB1/temp01.dbf
2    36       PDB$SEED:TEMP        32767       /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdbseed/temp012022-11-02_15-16-24-663-PM.dbf
3    293      PDB1:TEMP            32767       /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/temp01.dbf
4    36       PDB2:TEMP            32767       /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb2/temp01.dbf
5    36       CNDBAPDB:TEMP        32767       /u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb/temp012022-11-02_15-16-24-663-PM.dbf
6    36       CNDBAPDB3:TEMP       32767       /u02/oradata/CDB1/EE966433CFF1B7D7E0538A08A8C04375/datafile/o1_mf_temp_krc75pd2_.dbf
7    36       CNDBAPDB2:TEMP       32767       /u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb2/temp012022-11-02_15-16-24-663-PM.dbf
8    128      CNDBAPDB4_FRESH:TEMP 32767       /u02/oradata/CDB1/cndbapdb4_fresh/temp01.dbf
10   36       CNDBAPDB6:TEMP       32767       /u02/oradata/CDB1/EECFD8030E829AE2E0538A08A8C02B62/datafile/o1_mf_temp_krlrcwxn_.dbf
12   5        PDB1:TEMP02          5           /u02/oradata/CDB1/pdb1/temp02.dbf
13   5        TEMP02               5           /u02/oradata/CDB1/temp02.dbf

RMAN>

使用rman对控制文件做镜像备份

RMAN> 

RMAN> copy current controlfile to '/home/oracle/rmanbk/control01.ctl';

Starting backup at 02-JAN-23
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=32 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying current control file
output file name=/home/oracle/rmanbk/control01.ctl tag=TAG20230102T102732 RECID=5 STAMP=1125052053
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 02-JAN-23

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JAN-23
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/dbs/c-1093429351-20230102-00 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 02-JAN-23

RMAN>

查看控制文件的镜像备份：

RMAN> list copy of controlfile;

List of Control File Copies
===========================

Key     S Completion Time Ckp SCN    Ckp Time       
------- - --------------- ---------- ---------------
5       A 02-JAN-23       19226184   02-JAN-23      
        Name: /home/oracle/rmanbk/control01.ctl
        Tag: TAG20230102T102732

4       A 01-JAN-23       19186659   01-JAN-23      
        Name: /home/oracle/hotbk/control01.ctl
        Tag: TAG20230101T201959


RMAN>

使用rman还原丢失的控制文件

SQL> show user;
USER is "SYS"
SQL> select name from v$controlfile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u02/oradata/CDB1/control01.ctl
/u02/oradata/CDB1/control02.ctl

SQL> !rm -f /u02/oradata/CDB1/control01.ctl

SQL> !rm -f /u02/oradata/CDB1/control02.ctl

SQL> 
SQL> startup force
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  629145392 bytes
Fixed Size                  9137968 bytes
Variable Size             570425344 bytes
Database Buffers           41943040 bytes
Redo Buffers                7639040 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info


SQL>
SQL> !ls -l /u02/oradata/CDB1/control01.ctl
ls: cannot access '/u02/oradata/CDB1/control01.ctl': No such file or directory

SQL> !ls -l /u02/oradata/CDB1/control02.ctl
ls: cannot access '/u02/oradata/CDB1/control02.ctl': No such file or directory

SQL>

[oracle@oracle-db-19c ~]$ 
[oracle@oracle-db-19c ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on Mon Jan 2 10:37:46 2023
Version 19.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: CDB1 (not mounted)

RMAN> 

RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/rmanbk/control01.ctl';

Starting restore at 02-JAN-23
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=389 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: copied control file copy
output file name=/u02/oradata/CDB1/control01.ctl
output file name=/u02/oradata/CDB1/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 02-JAN-23

RMAN>

在rman中装载数据库

RMAN> alter database mount;

released channel: ORA_DISK_1
Statement processed

RMAN>

使用rman恢复数据库

RMAN> 

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 02-JAN-23
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK
skipping excluded pluggable database CNDBAPDB4_FRESH data files

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 93 is already on disk as file /u02/oradata/CDB1/redo03.log
archived log file name=/u02/oradata/CDB1/redo03.log thread=1 sequence=93
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 02-JAN-23

RMAN>