Android 多进程通讯之 AIDL

下午闲来无事，学习了下Android应用层开发的多进程通讯方式之AIDL。

    AIDL是Android Interface Definition Language（安卓接口定义语言）。android应用的多进程通讯的一实现方式，当然，你也可以通过发送广播的方式等等。

   这里，只是来介绍AIDL的使用方式。

这个demo主要是来实现，主进程操作service，实现音乐的播放和停止。

1. 首先，新建一个aidl文件，IRemoteService.aidl.

   

package com.playerserver;

// Declare any non-default types here with import statements

interface IRemoteService {
    /**
     * Demonstrates some basic types that you can use as parameters
     * and return values in AIDL.
     */
    void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat,
            double aDouble, String aString);

    //vnbo add
    void play();
    void stop();
    //vnbo end
}

 这个文件，主要是用来主进程和服务进程通讯接口。

aidl文件，在编译的时候，apt会产生相应的java文件。且里面的接口不能使用public关键字。

2.  创建服务进程代码逻辑。

  新建类：PlayerService（com.player.playerserver.PlayerService）,继承Service。

  这里贴出其代码：

package com.player.playerserver;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.media.MediaPlayer;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.util.Log;
import com.playerserver.IRemoteService;

import com.player.R;

import java.io.FileDescriptor;

public class PlayerService extends Service {

    private MediaPlayer mPlayer;


    public PlayerService() {

    }
   //Service的接口
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        Log.e("vnbo","vnbo PlayerService onBind");

        if(mPlayer == null){
            mPlayer = new MediaPlayer();
            try{

                FileDescriptor fd = getResources().openRawResourceFd(R.raw.test).getFileDescriptor(); 
               // 获取音乐数据源，在raw文件夹下，放一个test.mp3的音乐文件。
                mPlayer.setDataSource(fd); // 设置数据源
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            mPlayer.setLooping(true);
        }
        return mBinder;

    }
   //使用之前创建的aidl接口。
    private IBinder mBinder = new IRemoteService.Stub() {
      //自定义逻辑接口 
      @Override
        public void stop() throws RemoteException {
            Log.e("vnbo","vnbo PlayerService stop");
            try {
                if (mPlayer.isPlaying()) {
                    mPlayer.stop();
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        //自定义逻辑接口 
        @Override
        public void play() throws RemoteException {
            try {
                Log.e("vnbo","vnbo PlayerService play");
                if (mPlayer.isPlaying()) {
                    return;
                }
                mPlayer.prepare();
                mPlayer.start();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                // TODO: handle exception
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat,
                        double aDouble, String aString){
            Log.e("vnbo","vnbo PlayerService basicTypes");
        }
    };
   //Service的接口
    @Override
    public boolean onUnbind(Intent intent) {
        Log.e("vnbo","vnbo PlayerService onUnbind");
        if (mPlayer != null) {
            mPlayer.release();
        }
        return super.onUnbind(intent);
    }

}

3. 在AndroidManifest.xml文件对Service声明。
 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.player" >

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.player.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name"
            android:theme="@style/AppTheme.NoActionBar" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>


        <service
            android:name="com.player.playerserver.PlayerService"
            android:process=":remote"
            android:enabled="true"
            android:exported="true" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="com.player.playerserver.PlayerService" />
            </intent-filter>
        </service>


    </application>



</manifest>

4. 在我们的Activity中，进行与此Service进行通讯。

package com.player;

import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.widget.Button;
import com.playerserver.IRemoteService;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    public static final String ACTION = "com.player.playerserver.PlayerService";
    private Button mPlayBtn, mStopBtn;
    private IRemoteService mService;
    private boolean isBinded = false;

   //主进程与服务进程连接的回调接口
    private ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {

        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            Log.e("vnbo","vnbo MainAcitvity onServiceDisconnected");
            isBinded = false;
            mService = null;
        }

        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            Log.e("vnbo","vnbo MainAcitvity onServiceConnected");
            mService = IRemoteService.Stub.asInterface(service);
            isBinded = true;
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        doBind();
        initViews();


    }

    private void initViews() {
        mPlayBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_play);
        mStopBtn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button_stop);
        mPlayBtn.setOnClickListener(clickListener);
        mStopBtn.setOnClickListener(clickListener);
    }
   
  //与服务进程建立联系
    public void doBind() {
        Intent intent = new Intent(ACTION);
        intent.setPackage(getPackageName());//android5.0之后，intent要显示声明。如果这个service在另一个应用中，则需要setComponent。
        bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
    }

    public void doUnbind() {
        if (isBinded) {
            unbindService(conn);
            mService = null;
            isBinded = false;
        }

    }

    private View.OnClickListener clickListener = new View.OnClickListener() {

        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            if (v.getId() == mPlayBtn.getId()) {
                // play
                try {
                    mService.play(); //调用播放逻辑接口
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            } else {
                // stop
                try {
                    mService.stop();//调用暂停逻辑接口
                } catch (RemoteException e) {
                    // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    };


    @Override
    public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
        getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_main, menu);
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        // Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
        // automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
        // as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
        int id = item.getItemId();

        //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
        if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
            return true;
        }

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
    }
}

这里贴一下，布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    app:layout_behavior="@string/appbar_scrolling_view_behavior"
    tools:showIn="@layout/activity_main" tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_play"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="play" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button_stop"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_below="@id/button_play"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:text="stop" />
</RelativeLayout>

这样，我们可以通过这种方式，可以跟第三方的sdk或者apk通讯了。这样可以增加自己APP的稳定性