java中如何创建自己的类加载器详解

要创建自己的类加载器 需要继承lava.lang.ClassLoader 这个类，重写defineClass（String name ）方法，该方法根据指定的类名，返回指定的Class对象

以下是简单的剖析以下ClassLoader的源码，有助于我们理解Class加载的整个流程

public abstract class ClassLoader {

    // The parent class loader for delegation
    // Note: VM hardcoded the offset of this field, thus all new fields
    // must be added *after* it.
    private final ClassLoader parent;   //充分体现出 类加载器之间的父子关系不是继承，而是聚合

 //不带参数的构造方法，返回系统类加载器作为当前类的默认类加载器    

 protected ClassLoader() {
        this(checkCreateClassLoader(), getSystemClassLoader());
    }

//带参数的构造方法，设置指定的父类加载器    

  protected ClassLoader(ClassLoader parent) {
        this(checkCreateClassLoader(), parent);
    }

//类加载器根据一个名字加载一个类，返回该类的Class对象

public Class<?> loadClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        return loadClass(name, false);
    }

 protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
        throws ClassNotFoundException
    {
        synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
            // First, check if the class has already been loaded
            Class c = findLoadedClass(name);   // 该方法主要查找当前的类是否已经加载，最后调用本地的方法
            if (c == null) {
                long t0 = System.nanoTime();
                try {
                    if (parent != null) {
                        c = parent.loadClass(name, false); //如果父加载器不为null，就用父加载器加载
                    } else {
                        c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name); //用根类加载器加载
                    }
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                    // ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found
                    // from the non-null parent class loader
                }


                if (c == null) {
                    // If still not found, then invoke findClass in order
                    // to find the class.
                    long t1 = System.nanoTime();
                    c = findClass(name);      //如果根类加载器也加载不了，我们只能使用自定义的类加载器加载


                    // this is the defining class loader; record the stats
                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);
                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
                }
            }
            if (resolve) {
                resolveClass(c);
            }
            return c;
        }
    }

 protected final Class<?> findLoadedClass(String name) {
        if (!checkName(name))
            return null;
        return findLoadedClass0(name);
    }

    private native final Class findLoadedClass0(String name);

 //这个方法需要我们自己实现，完成类的加载的工作  

 protected Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
        throw new ClassNotFoundException(name);
    }

}

package classloader;


import java.io.*;


//创建用户自定义类加载器
public class MyClassLoader extends ClassLoader{


private String name;//类加载器的名字
private String path="d://"; //类加载器的加载路径
private final String fileType=".class";//class 文件的扩展名

public MyClassLoader(String name){
super();//让系统类加载器成为该类的父加载器
this.name =name;
}
public MyClassLoader(ClassLoader parent,String name){
super(parent); //显示指定父加载器
this.name=name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "MyClassLoader [name=" + name + "]";
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getPath() {
return path;
}
public void setPath(String path) {
this.path = path;
}



@Override
public Class<?> findClass(String name) throws ClassNotFoundException {
  byte[] data=this.loadClassData(name);
  return this.defineClass(name,data,0, data.length);
}
private byte[] loadClassData(String name){
InputStream is=null;
byte[] data=null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos=null;
try{
name=name.replace(".", "\\");
is=new FileInputStream(new File(path+name+fileType));
baos=new ByteArrayOutputStream();
int ch=0;
while(-1!=(ch=is.read())){
baos.write(ch);
}
data=baos.toByteArray();
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try{
is.close();
baos.close();
}catch(Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
return data;
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException{
  MyClassLoader loader1=new MyClassLoader("loader1");
  loader1.setPath("d::\\myapp\\serverlib");
  MyClassLoader loader2=new MyClassLoader(loader1,"loader2");
  loader2.setPath("d:\\myapp\\childlib");
  MyClassLoader loader3=new MyClassLoader(null,"loader3");
  loader3.setPath("d:\\myapp\\otherlib");
  test(loader2);
  test(loader3);
}
public static void test(ClassLoader loader) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException{
Class clazz=loader.loadClass("classloader.Sample");
Object obj=clazz.newInstance();
}

}