ubuntu14.04LTS命令行安装xfce4桌面

    安装ubuntu14.04LTS后，需要一个桌面，因此选择安装xfce4.

1 安装

1.1 安装默认版本4.10

    sudo apt-get install xfce4

1.2 安装版本4.12

    1 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.12  

test@test:~$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xubuntu-dev/xfce-4.12
 As always, install packages from PPA's at your own risk.

Xfce 4.12 packages for currently supported versions of Xubuntu. These packages come with no guarantee of functionality or support. For supported versions, please install Xubuntu 15.04 or newer which comes packaged with Xfce 4.12.
 More info: https://launchpad.net/~xubuntu-dev/+archive/ubuntu/xfce-4.12
Press [ENTER] to continue or ctrl-c to cancel adding it

gpg: keyring `/tmp/tmpdmoyw62j/secring.gpg' created
gpg: keyring `/tmp/tmpdmoyw62j/pubring.gpg' created
gpg: requesting key 142986CE from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpg: /tmp/tmpdmoyw62j/trustdb.gpg: trustdb created
gpg: key 142986CE: public key "Launchpad PPA for Xubuntu Developers" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)
OK

    2 sudo apt-get update  

test@test:~$ sudo apt-get update
[sudo] password for test:
Ign http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com trusty InRelease
Get:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-updates InRelease [64.4 kB]
Get:2 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com trusty-backports InRelease [64.5 kB]
...
Fetched 4,575 kB in 26s (170 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done

    3 sudo apt-get dist-upgrade  

test@test:~$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
...
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.19-0ubuntu6.6) ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...

    4 sudo apt-get install xfce4

2 启动

在命令行下使用如下命令来启动xfce4:

方法1 startx

方法2 使用startxfce4来启动一个Xfce会话

启动后的界面：

在命令行用pstree查看：

test@test:~$ pstree
init─┬─accounts-daemon───2*[{accounts-daemon}]
     ├─acpid
     ├─at-spi-bus-laun─┬─dbus-daemon
     │                 └─2*[{at-spi-bus-laun}]
     ├─at-spi2-registr───{at-spi2-registr}
     ├─atd
     ├─cron
     ├─2*[dbus-daemon]
     ├─dbus-launch
     ├─dhclient
     ├─5*[getty]
     ├─gvfs-udisks2-vo───2*[{gvfs-udisks2-vo}]
     ├─gvfsd───{gvfsd}
     ├─gvfsd-trash───2*[{gvfsd-trash}]
     ├─irqbalance
     ├─login───bash───startx───xinit─┬─Xorg───2*[{Xorg}]
     │                               └─sh─┬─ssh-agent
     │                                    └─xfce4-session─┬─Thunar
     │                                                    ├─polkit-gnome-au───{polkit-gnome-au}
     │                                                    ├─xfce4-panel─┬─panel-2-actions
     │                                                    │             ├─panel-6-systray
     │                                                    │             ├─xfce4-about───{xfce4-about}
     │                                                    │             └─2*[{xfce4-panel}]
     │                                                    ├─xfdesktop───2*[{xfdesktop}]
     │                                                    ├─xfwm4
     │                                                    ├─xscreensaver
     │                                                    └─2*[{xfce4-session}]
     ├─openvpn
     ├─pcscd───{pcscd}
     ├─polkitd───2*[{polkitd}]
     ├─pulseaudio───{pulseaudio}
     ├─rsyslogd───3*[{rsyslogd}]
     ├─rtkit-daemon───2*[{rtkit-daemon}]
     ├─sshd───sshd───sshd───bash───pstree
     ├─systemd-logind
     ├─systemd-udevd
     ├─tumblerd───4*[{tumblerd}]
     ├─udisksd───4*[{udisksd}]
     ├─upowerd───2*[{upowerd}]
     ├─upstart-file-br
     ├─upstart-socket-
     ├─upstart-udev-br
     ├─xfce4-notifyd
     ├─xfce4-volumed───{xfce4-volumed}
     ├─xfconfd
     ├─xfsettingsd───2*[{xfsettingsd}]
     ├─xinetd
     └─xterm───bash

不启动xfce4桌面时，用pstree查看：

test@test:~$ pstree
init─┬─accounts-daemon───2*[{accounts-daemon}]
     ├─acpid
     ├─atd
     ├─cron
     ├─dbus-daemon
     ├─dhclient
     ├─5*[getty]
     ├─irqbalance
     ├─login───bash
     ├─openvpn
     ├─pcscd───{pcscd}
     ├─polkitd───2*[{polkitd}]
     ├─pulseaudio───{pulseaudio}
     ├─rsyslogd───3*[{rsyslogd}]
     ├─rtkit-daemon───2*[{rtkit-daemon}]
     ├─sshd───sshd───sshd───bash───pstree
     ├─systemd-logind
     ├─systemd-udevd
     ├─udisksd───4*[{udisksd}]
     ├─upowerd───2*[{upowerd}]
     ├─upstart-file-br
     ├─upstart-socket-
     ├─upstart-udev-br
     └─xinetd

3 VNC中使用xfce4

参考：

1 Xfce 4.12 packages：https://launchpad.net/~xubuntu-dev/+archive/ubuntu/xfce-4.12
2 Xfce wiki: https://wiki.debian.org/Xfce
3 Xfce4.2用户指南：http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=Xfce4.2%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97&variant=zh-cn