观察者模式

观察者模式：定义了对象之间的一对多依赖，这样一来，当一个对象改变状态时，它的所有依赖者都会收到通知并自动更新。

被观察者和观察者定义了一对多的关系，观察者依赖于被观察者，被观察者对象管理某些数据，一旦数据发生改变，新的数据会以某种形式送给观察者对象。

[]类图

[]观察者模式的实现

()自定义观察者模式

被观察者接口

public interface Subject {

void registerObserver(Observer observer);

void removeObserver(Observer observer);

void notifyObservers();

} 

被观察者类

public class WeatherData implements Subject {

private List<Observer> observerList;
private Entity entity;

public WeatherData() {
    this.observerList = new ArrayList<>();
}

@Override
public void registerObserver(Observer observer) {
    observerList.add(observer);
}

@Override
public void removeObserver(Observer observer) {
    int index = observerList.indexOf(observer);
    if (index >= 0) {
        observerList.remove(index);
    }
}

@Override
public void notifyObservers() {
    for (Observer observer : observerList) {
        observer.update(entity);
    }
}

public void setMeasurements(Entity entity) {
    this.entity = entity;
    notifyObservers();
}

}

观察者接口

public interface Observer {

void update(Entity entity);

}

观察者类

public class CurrentConditions implements Observer {

private Subject weatherData;
private Entity entity;

public CurrentConditions(Subject weatherData) {
    this.weatherData = weatherData;
    weatherData.registerObserver(this);
}

@Override
public void update(Entity entity) {
    this.entity = entity;
        ......          
}
}

观察者类

public class StatisticsConditions implements Observer {

private Subject weatherData;
private Entity entity;

public StatisticsConditions(Subject weatherData) {
    this.weatherData = weatherData;
    weatherData.registerObserver(this);
}

@Override
public void update(Entity entity) {
    this.entity = entity;
        ......  
}
}

测试

public class Text {

public static void main(String args[]) {

    WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();

    Observer mObserver = new CurrentConditions(weatherData);
    Observer nObserver = new StatisticsConditions(weatherData);

    weatherData.setMeasurements(new Entity(10, 20, 30));

}

() java内置观察者模式

被观察者类

public class WeatherData extends Observable {

private Entity entity;

public void setMeasurements(Entity entity) {
    this.entity = entity;

    setChanged();
    notifyObservers(entity);
}

public Entity getEntity() {
    return entity;
}
}

被观察者类继承java.util.Observable类， 提供的get….()可以用来实现观察者模式的拉数据，

调用setChanged()将changed标志设置为true，让notifyObservers()知道被调用时应该更新观察者。如果notifyObservers()前没有调用setChanged()，那么观察者不会被通知。这样的好处：可以控制何时通知观察者。

public void notifyObservers() {
    this.notifyObservers((Object)null);
}

public void notifyObservers(Object var1) {
    Object[] var2;
    synchronized(this) {
        if(!this.changed) {
            return;
        }

        var2 = this.obs.toArray();
        this.clearChanged();
    }

    for(int var3 = var2.length - 1; var3 >= 0; --var3) {
        ((Observer)var2[var3]).update(this, var1);
    }

}

.......

protected synchronized void setChanged() {
    this.changed = true;
}

protected synchronized void clearChanged() {
    this.changed = false;
}

public synchronized boolean hasChanged() {
    return this.changed;
}

观察者类

public class CurrentConditions implements Observer {

private Observable observable;
private Entity entity;

public CurrentConditions(Observable observable) {
    this.observable = observable;
    observable.addObserver(this);
}

@Override
public void update(Observable observable, Object o) {

    if (o instanceof Entity) {
        this.entity = (Entity) o;
            ......  
    }

}
}

观察者类

public class StatisticsConditions implements Observer {

private Observable observable;
private Entity entity;

public StatisticsConditions(Observable observable) {
    this.observable = observable;
    observable.addObserver(this);

}

@Override
public void update(Observable observable, Object o) {

    if (o instanceof Entity) {
        this.entity = (Entity) o;
            ......     
    }

}
}

观察者类实现java.util.Observer接口，

测试

public class InlayText {

public static void main(String args[]) {


    WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();

    Observer mObserver = new CurrentConditions(weatherData);
    Observer nsObserver = new StatisticsConditions(weatherData);

    weatherData.setMeasurements(new Entity(40, 50, 60));

}

}

内置的观察者模式，jdk提供的Observable是一个类而不是一个接口，由于java是单继承，导致被观察者无法继承其它的类。

[]
()使用观察者模式，可以从被观察者推或拉数据。
()有多个观察者时，不可以依赖特定的通知次序。