DjangoRest View介绍

class APIView(View)

属性	值类型	作用	是否必须
permission_classes	tuple	权限控制	否

方法	作用
check_permissions(self, request)	Check if the request should be permitted
check_object_permissions(self, request, obj)	Check if the request should be permitted for a given object

class GenericAPIView(views.APIView)

Base class for all other generic views.

属性	值类型	作用	是否必须
queryset	QuerySet	get_queryset()使用	是
serializer_class	serializer	get_serializer_class()使用	是
lookup_field	string	If you want to use object lookups other than pk, set ‘lookup_field’	否
lookup_url_kwarg	string	url中变量	否
filter_backends	tuple	The filter backend classes to use for queryset filtering	否
pagination_class	class	The style to use for queryset pagination	否

方法	作用
get_queryset(self)	Get the list of items for this view. Defaults to using self.queryset
get_object(self)	Returns the object the view is displaying. 使用此方法会调用self.check_object_permissions(self.request, obj)
get_serializer(self, *args, **kwargs)	Return the serializer instance that should be used for validating and deserializing input, and for serializing output.
filter_queryset(self, queryset)	Given a queryset, filter it with whichever filter backend is in use
paginate_queryset(self, queryset)	Return a single page of results, or None if pagination is disabled.

备注:

1. 使用GenericAPIView需要自己定义['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete']方法，来处理对应的http请求.
2. 应该始终使用get_queryset()获取查询结果，而不是直接访问self.queryset，因为self.queryset只被评估一次作为缓存，为所有后续请求使用。
3. GenericAPIView提供的默认方法，可以根据需要override.直接在class中重写即可.

具体的View

Concrete view classes that provide method handlers by composing the mixin classes with the base view.

1. CreateAPIView(mixins.CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView)

   实现了post方法,直接创建model的实例.

   只需要提供queryset和serializer_class，就可以直接使用.

2. ListAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin, GenericAPIView)

   实现了get方法，获取model列表

   只需要提供queryset和serializer_class，就可以直接使用.

   需要其他扩展功能需要按需设置GenericAPIView的其他属性.

3. RetrieveAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, GenericAPIView)

   实现了get方法，获取model实例.

   只需要提供queryset和serializer_class，就可以直接使用.

4. DestroyAPIView(mixins.DestroyModelMixin, GenericAPIView)

   实现了delete方法，删除model实例.

   只需要提供queryset，就可以直接使用.

5. UpdateAPIView(mixins.UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView)

   实现了put和patch方法，更新model实例.

   只需要提供queryset和serializer_class，就可以直接使用.

6. ListCreateAPIView(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, GenericAPIView)

   ListAPIView和CreateAPIView的组合.

   实现了get和post方法，用于获取model列表和创建model的实例.

7. RetrieveUpdateAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, GenericAPIView)

   RetrieveAPIView和UpdateAPIView的组合.

   实现了get、put和patch方法.

8. RetrieveDestroyAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, GenericAPIView)

   RetrieveAPIView和DestroyAPIView的组合.

   实现了get和delete方法.

9. RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin, GenericAPIView)

   RetrieveAPIView、UpdateAPIView和DestroyAPIView的组合.

   实现了get、put、patch和delete方法.