RT-Thread-15-内存池

内存池

1，动态内存堆，可以分配人员大小的内存块，非常方便灵活。
明显缺点：(1)分配效率不高，每次分配都需要进行空闲内存块查找；(2)容易产生内存碎片；

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2，为了提供内存分配效率，并且避免内存碎片，RT-Thread提供了另外一种内存管理方法----内存池（Memory Pool）；
内存池的内存分配方式是分配大量相同大小的小内存块。使内存池可以极大地加快内存分配和释放的速度，且能尽量避免内存碎片化。

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3，RT-Thread的内存池支持线程挂起功能，当内存池中无空闲内存块时，申请线程会被挂起，直到内存池中有新的可用内存块，再将挂起线程唤醒。基于这个特点，内存池非常适合需要通过内存资源进行同步的场景。

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内存池工作机制：
内存池在创建的时候先从系统中获取一大块内存（静态或动态），然后分成相同大小的多个小内存块，这些小内存块通过链表连接起来（此链表也称为空闲链表）。线程每次申请分配内存块的时候，系统从空闲链表中取出链头上第一块内存块，提供给申请者。

内存池控制块：

/**
 * Base structure of Memory pool object
 */
struct rt_mempool
{
    struct rt_object parent;                            /**< inherit from rt_object */

    void            *start_address;                     /**< memory pool start */
    rt_size_t        size;                              /**< size of memory pool */

    rt_size_t        block_size;                        /**< size of memory blocks */
    rt_uint8_t      *block_list;                        /**< memory blocks list */

    rt_size_t        block_total_count;                 /**< numbers of memory block */
    rt_size_t        block_free_count;                  /**< numbers of free memory block */

    rt_list_t        suspend_thread;                    /**< threads pended on this resource */
    rt_size_t        suspend_thread_count;              /**< numbers of thread pended on this resource */
};
typedef struct rt_mempool *rt_mp_t;
--------------------------
定义静态内存池：struct rt_mempool static_mp;
定义动态内存池：rt_mp_t dynamic_mp;

初始化与脱离：

/**
 * This function will initialize a memory pool object, normally which is used
 * for static object.
 *
 * @param mp the memory pool object
 * @param name the name of memory pool
 * @param start the star address of memory pool
 * @param size the total size of memory pool
 * @param block_size the size for each block
 *
 * @return RT_EOK
 */
rt_err_t rt_mp_init(struct rt_mempool *mp,
                    const char        *name,
                    void              *start,
                    rt_size_t          size,
                    rt_size_t          block_size);
----------------------------------------------------
/**
 * This function will detach a memory pool from system object management.
 *
 * @param mp the memory pool object
 *
 * @return RT_EOK
 */
rt_err_t rt_mp_detach(struct rt_mempool *mp);

创建与删除：

/**
 * This function will create a mempool object and allocate the memory pool from
 * heap.
 *
 * @param name the name of memory pool
 * @param block_count the count of blocks in memory pool
 * @param block_size the size for each block
 *
 * @return the created mempool object
 */
rt_mp_t rt_mp_create(const char *name,
                     rt_size_t   block_count,
                     rt_size_t   block_size);
-------------------------------------------------------
/**
 * This function will delete a memory pool and release the object memory.
 *
 * @param mp the memory pool object
 *
 * @return RT_EOK
 */
rt_err_t rt_mp_delete(rt_mp_t mp);

申请内存块：

/**
 * This function will allocate a block from memory pool
 *
 * @param mp the memory pool object
 * @param time the waiting time
 *
 * @return the allocated memory block or RT_NULL on allocated failed
 */
void *rt_mp_alloc(rt_mp_t mp, rt_int32_t time);

释放内存块：

/**
 * This function will release a memory block
 *
 * @param block the address of memory block to be released
 */
void rt_mp_free(void *block);

示例代码：

/* 
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2018, RT-Thread Development Team 
 * 
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 
 * 
 * Change Logs: 
 * Date           Author       Notes 
 * 2018-08-24     yangjie      the first version 
 */ 

/*
 * 程序清单：内存池例程
 *
 * 这个程序会创建一个静态的内存池对象，2个动态线程。
 * 一个线程会试图从内存池中获得内存块，另一个线程释放内存块
 * 内存块
 */
#include <rtthread.h>

static rt_uint8_t *ptr[50];
static rt_uint8_t mempool[4096];
static struct rt_mempool mp;

#define THREAD_PRIORITY      25
#define THREAD_STACK_SIZE    512
#define THREAD_TIMESLICE     5

/* 指向线程控制块的指针 */
static rt_thread_t tid1 = RT_NULL;
static rt_thread_t tid2 = RT_NULL;

/* 线程1入口 */
static void thread1_mp_alloc(void *parameter)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0 ; i < 50 ; i++)
    {
        if (ptr[i] == RT_NULL)
        {
            /* 试图申请内存块50次，当申请不到内存块时，
               线程1挂起，转至线程2运行 */
            ptr[i] = rt_mp_alloc(&mp, RT_WAITING_FOREVER);
            if (ptr[i] != RT_NULL)
                rt_kprintf("allocate No.%d\n", i);
        }
    }
}

/* 线程2入口，线程2的优先级比线程1低，应该线程1先获得执行。*/
static void thread2_mp_release(void *parameter)
{
    int i;

    rt_kprintf("thread2 try to release block\n");
    for (i = 0; i < 50 ; i++)
    {
        /* 释放所有分配成功的内存块 */
        if (ptr[i] != RT_NULL)
        {
            rt_kprintf("release block %d\n", i);
            rt_mp_free(ptr[i]);
            ptr[i] = RT_NULL;
        }
    }
}

int mempool_sample(void)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 50; i ++) ptr[i] = RT_NULL;

    /* 初始化内存池对象 */
    rt_mp_init(&mp, "mp1", &mempool[0], sizeof(mempool), 80);

    /* 创建线程1：申请内存池 */
    tid1 = rt_thread_create("thread1", thread1_mp_alloc, RT_NULL,
                            THREAD_STACK_SIZE,
                            THREAD_PRIORITY, THREAD_TIMESLICE);
    if (tid1 != RT_NULL)
        rt_thread_startup(tid1);


    /* 创建线程2：释放内存池*/
    tid2 = rt_thread_create("thread2", thread2_mp_release, RT_NULL,
                            THREAD_STACK_SIZE,
                            THREAD_PRIORITY + 1, THREAD_TIMESLICE);
    if (tid2 != RT_NULL)
        rt_thread_startup(tid2);

    return 0;
}

/* 导出到 msh 命令列表中 */
MSH_CMD_EXPORT(mempool_sample, mempool sample);

运行结果：