了解java线程的start方法如何回调run方法

以下是Thread的start方法源码：

public synchronized void start() {
        /**
         * This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
         * group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
         * to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
         *
         * A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
         */
        if (threadStatus != 0)
            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();

        /* Notify the group that this thread is about to be started
         * so that it can be added to the group's list of threads
         * and the group's unstarted count can be decremented. */
        group.add(this);

        boolean started = false;
        try {
            start0();
            started = true;
        } finally {
            try {
                if (!started) {
                    group.threadStartFailed(this);
                }
            } catch (Throwable ignore) {
                /* do nothing. If start0 threw a Throwable then
                  it will be passed up the call stack */
            }
        }
    }

注意力集中到start0()，一个本地方法：private native void start0();

Thread类要调用本地方法，首先要向jvm注册，所以Thread类的开头便是：

public class Thread implements Runnable {
    /* Make sure registerNatives is the first thing <clinit> does. */
    private static native void registerNatives();
    static {
        registerNatives();
    }
    ...
    ..
}

本地方法 registerNatives 定义在Thread.c文件中，定义了各个操作系统都要用到的关于线程的公用数据和操作，代码如下：

JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_Java_lang_Thread_registerNatives (JNIEnv *env, jclass cls){ 
  (*env)->RegisterNatives(env, cls, methods, ARRAY_LENGTH(methods)); 
}
static JNINativeMethod methods[] = { 
    {"start0", "()V",(void *)&JVM_StartThread}, 
    {"stop0", "(" OBJ ")V", (void *)&JVM_StopThread}, 
    {"isAlive","()Z",(void *)&JVM_IsThreadAlive}, 
    {"suspend0","()V",(void *)&JVM_SuspendThread}, 
    {"resume0","()V",(void *)&JVM_ResumeThread}, 
    {"setPriority0","(I)V",(void *)&JVM_SetThreadPriority}, 
    {"yield", "()V",(void *)&JVM_Yield}, 
    {"sleep","(J)V",(void *)&JVM_Sleep}, 
    {"currentThread","()" THD,(void *)&JVM_CurrentThread}, 
    {"countStackFrames","()I",(void *)&JVM_CountStackFrames}, 
    {"interrupt0","()V",(void *)&JVM_Interrupt}, 
    {"isInterrupted","(Z)Z",(void *)&JVM_IsInterrupted}, 
    {"holdsLock","(" OBJ ")Z",(void *)&JVM_HoldsLock}, 
    {"getThreads","()[" THD,(void *)&JVM_GetAllThreads}, 
    {"dumpThreads","([" THD ")[[" STE, (void *)&JVM_DumpThreads}, 
};

可以看出Java线程调用start的方法，实际上会调用到JVM_StartThread方法。

在 jvm.cpp 中，有如下代码段：

JVM_ENTRY(void, JVM_StartThread(JNIEnv* env, jobject jthread)) 
   …
    native_thread = new JavaThread(&thread_entry, sz); 
   …

这里JVM_ENTRY是一个宏，用来定义JVM_StartThread函数，可以看到函数内创建了真正的平台相关的本地线程，

其线程函数是thread_entry，代码如下：

static void thread_entry(JavaThread* thread, TRAPS) { 
    HandleMark hm(THREAD); 
    Handle obj(THREAD, thread->threadObj()); 
    JavaValue result(T_VOID); 
    JavaCalls::call_virtual(&result,obj,
    KlassHandle(THREAD,SystemDictionary::Thread_klass()),
    vmSymbolHandles::run_method_name(),
    vmSymbolHandles::void_method_signature(),THREAD);
}

可以看到调用了vmSymbolHandles::run_method_name方法，这是在vmSymbols.hpp用宏定义的：

class vmSymbolHandles: AllStatic { 
   …
    template(run_method_name,"run")
   …
}

至于run_method_name是如何声明定义的，就不再一一赘述了，感兴趣的读者可以自行查看 JVM 的源代码。

Java 线程调用关系图：

综上所述，Java线程的创建调用过程如上图所示

Java线程的start方法会创建一个本地线程（通过调用JVM_StartThread），

该线程的线程函数是定义在jvm.cpp中的thread_entry，由其再进一步回调run方法。

参考：https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-lo-processthread/#icomments