IOS 后台传输

创建后台会话

- (NSURLSession *)backgroundSession
{
/*
 Using disptach_once here ensures that multiple background sessions with the same identifier are not created in this instance of the application. If you want to support multiple background sessions within a single process, you should create each session with its own identifier.
 */
	static NSURLSession *session = nil;
	static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
	dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
		NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration backgroundSessionConfigurationWithIdentifier:@"com.example.apple-samplecode.SimpleBackgroundTransfer.BackgroundSession"];
		session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:configuration delegate:self delegateQueue:nil];
	});
	return session;
}

创建后台下载任务并启动

NSURL *downloadURL = [NSURL URLWithString:DownloadURLString];
	NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:downloadURL];
	self.downloadTask = [self.session downloadTaskWithRequest:request];
    [self.downloadTask resume];

处理下载进度

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask didWriteData:(int64_t)bytesWritten totalBytesWritten:(int64_t)totalBytesWritten totalBytesExpectedToWrite:(int64_t)totalBytesExpectedToWrite
{
    BLog();

    /*
     Report progress on the task.
     If you created more than one task, you might keep references to them and report on them individually.
     */

    if (downloadTask == self.downloadTask)
    {
        double progress = (double)totalBytesWritten / (double)totalBytesExpectedToWrite;
        BLog(@"DownloadTask: %@ progress: %lf", downloadTask, progress);
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            self.progressView.progress = progress;
        });
    }
}

处理下载任务完成回调

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask didFinishDownloadingToURL:(NSURL *)downloadURL
{
    BLog();

    /*
     The download completed, you need to copy the file at targetPath before the end of this block.
     As an example, copy the file to the Documents directory of your app.
    */
    NSFileManager *fileManager = [NSFileManager defaultManager];

    NSArray *URLs = [fileManager URLsForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomains:NSUserDomainMask];
    NSURL *documentsDirectory = [URLs objectAtIndex:0];

    NSURL *originalURL = [[downloadTask originalRequest] URL];
    NSURL *destinationURL = [documentsDirectory URLByAppendingPathComponent:[originalURL lastPathComponent]];
    NSError *errorCopy;

    // For the purposes of testing, remove any esisting file at the destination.
    [fileManager removeItemAtURL:destinationURL error:NULL];
    BOOL success = [fileManager copyItemAtURL:downloadURL toURL:destinationURL error:&errorCopy];
    
    if (success)
    {
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile:[destinationURL path]];
            self.imageView.image = image;
            self.imageView.hidden = NO;
            self.progressView.hidden = YES;
        });
    }
    else
    {
        /*
         In the general case, what you might do in the event of failure depends on the error and the specifics of your application.
         */
        BLog(@"Error during the copy: %@", [errorCopy localizedDescription]);
    }
}

处理下载任务失败回调

- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task didCompleteWithError:(NSError *)error
{
    BLog();

    if (error == nil)
    {
        NSLog(@"Task: %@ completed successfully", task);
    }
    else
    {
        NSLog(@"Task: %@ completed with error: %@", task, [error localizedDescription]);
    }
	
    double progress = (double)task.countOfBytesReceived / (double)task.countOfBytesExpectedToReceive;
	dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
		self.progressView.progress = progress;
	});

    self.downloadTask = nil;
}

处理下载任务由于网络原因失败后被系统恢复的回调

-(void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask didResumeAtOffset:(int64_t)fileOffset expectedTotalBytes:(int64_t)expectedTotalBytes
{
    BLog();
}

处理后台任务事件

当APP不在运行时，因为后台下载任务是重新开启一个进程处理，所以当任务完成或者请求证书验证，系统会重新启动并进入后台处理后台会话事件。在这里，你应该保存completionHandler以便在处理完事件时告诉系统重新进入暂停状态。你还可以使用后台会话标识来重新创建后台会话，这个会话会关联之前的会话进程。

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession:(NSString *)identifier
  completionHandler:(void (^)(void))completionHandler
{
    BLog();
    /*
     Store the completion handler. The completion handler is invoked by the view controller's checkForAllDownloadsHavingCompleted method (if all the download tasks have been completed).
     */
	self.backgroundSessionCompletionHandler = completionHandler;
}

注意：后台会话设置（NSURLSessionConfiguration）不能够重用，因为共用一个标识的后台会话可能会出现不确定的问题。

处理完成后台任务事件的回调

在完成相关后台任务事件，例如，下载完成或者请求证书验证。需要执行之前保存的completionHandler来指示系统可以重新进入暂停状态。

/*
 If an application has received an -application:handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession:completionHandler: message, the session delegate will receive this message to indicate that all messages previously enqueued for this session have been delivered. At this time it is safe to invoke the previously stored completion handler, or to begin any internal updates that will result in invoking the completion handler.
 */
- (void)URLSessionDidFinishEventsForBackgroundURLSession:(NSURLSession *)session
{
    dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
        APLAppDelegate *appDelegate = (APLAppDelegate *)[[UIApplication sharedApplication] delegate];
        if (appDelegate.backgroundSessionCompletionHandler) {
            void (^completionHandler)() = appDelegate.backgroundSessionCompletionHandler;
            appDelegate.backgroundSessionCompletionHandler = nil;
            completionHandler();
        }
        
        NSLog(@"All tasks are finished");
    });
}

注意：completionHandler必须在主线程执行，如果你要更新UI界面，必须在它之前更新。