面试题26：树的子结构

一、题目

输入两棵二叉树A和B，判断B是不是A的子结构。

二、关键

三、解释

1.第一步，在树A中找到和树B的根节点的值一样的节点R；第二步，判断以R为根节点的子树是不是包含和树B一样的结构。

2.在树A中找与树B根节点的值一样的节点：使用递归的方法遍历树。

3.判断树A中以R为根节点的子树是不是和树B具有相同的结构？如果节点R的值和树B的根节点不相同，则以R为根节点的子树和树B肯定不具有相同的界定啊；如果他们的值相同，则递归地判断他们各自的左右节点的值是不是相同的。递归的终止条件是：到达了树A或者树B的叶节点。

4.double类型的变量比较大小的时候，由于计算机表示时存在一定的误差，因此实际情况下，是比较两者的距离小于0.0000001，就认为他们相等。

四、代码

#include <cstdio>

struct BinaryTreeNode
{
    double                 m_dbValue;
    BinaryTreeNode*        m_pLeft;
    BinaryTreeNode*        m_pRight;
};

bool DoesTree1HaveTree2(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot1, BinaryTreeNode* pRoot2);
bool Equal(double num1, double num2);

bool HasSubtree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot1, BinaryTreeNode* pRoot2)
{
    bool result = false;

    if(pRoot1 != nullptr && pRoot2 != nullptr)
    {
        if(Equal(pRoot1->m_dbValue, pRoot2->m_dbValue))
            result = DoesTree1HaveTree2(pRoot1, pRoot2);
        if(!result)
            result = HasSubtree(pRoot1->m_pLeft, pRoot2);
        if(!result)
            result = HasSubtree(pRoot1->m_pRight, pRoot2);
    }

    return result;
}

bool DoesTree1HaveTree2(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot1, BinaryTreeNode* pRoot2)
{
    if(pRoot2 == nullptr)
        return true;

    if(pRoot1 == nullptr)
        return false;

    if(!Equal(pRoot1->m_dbValue, pRoot2->m_dbValue))
        return false;

    return DoesTree1HaveTree2(pRoot1->m_pLeft, pRoot2->m_pLeft) &&
        DoesTree1HaveTree2(pRoot1->m_pRight, pRoot2->m_pRight);
}

bool Equal(double num1, double num2)
{
    if((num1 - num2 > -0.0000001) && (num1 - num2 < 0.0000001))
        return true;
    else
        return false;
}

// ====================辅助测试代码====================
BinaryTreeNode* CreateBinaryTreeNode(double dbValue)
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode = new BinaryTreeNode();
    pNode->m_dbValue = dbValue;
    pNode->m_pLeft = nullptr;
    pNode->m_pRight = nullptr;

    return pNode;
}

void ConnectTreeNodes(BinaryTreeNode* pParent, BinaryTreeNode* pLeft, BinaryTreeNode* pRight)
{
    if(pParent != nullptr)
    {
        pParent->m_pLeft = pLeft;
        pParent->m_pRight = pRight;
    }
}

void DestroyTree(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot)
{
    if(pRoot != nullptr)
    {
        BinaryTreeNode* pLeft = pRoot->m_pLeft;
        BinaryTreeNode* pRight = pRoot->m_pRight;

        delete pRoot;
        pRoot = nullptr;

        DestroyTree(pLeft);
        DestroyTree(pRight);
    }
}

// ====================测试代码====================
void Test(char* testName, BinaryTreeNode* pRoot1, BinaryTreeNode* pRoot2, bool expected)
{
    if(HasSubtree(pRoot1, pRoot2) == expected)
        printf("%s passed.\n", testName);
    else
        printf("%s failed.\n", testName);
}

// 树中结点含有分叉，树B是树A的子结构
//                  8                8
//              /       \           / \
//             8         7         9   2
//           /   \
//          9     2
//               / \
//              4   7
void Test1()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(7);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA6 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA7 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(7);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA1, pNodeA2, pNodeA3);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA2, pNodeA4, pNodeA5);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA5, pNodeA6, pNodeA7);

    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeB1, pNodeB2, pNodeB3);

    Test("Test1", pNodeA1, pNodeB1, true);

    DestroyTree(pNodeA1);
    DestroyTree(pNodeB1);
}

// 树中结点含有分叉，树B不是树A的子结构
//                  8                8
//              /       \           / \
//             8         7         9   2
//           /   \
//          9     3
//               / \
//              4   7
void Test2()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(7);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(3);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA6 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA7 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(7);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA1, pNodeA2, pNodeA3);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA2, pNodeA4, pNodeA5);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA5, pNodeA6, pNodeA7);

    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeB1, pNodeB2, pNodeB3);

    Test("Test2", pNodeA1, pNodeB1, false);

    DestroyTree(pNodeA1);
    DestroyTree(pNodeB1);
}

// 树中结点只有左子结点，树B是树A的子结构
//                8                  8
//              /                   / 
//             8                   9   
//           /                    /
//          9                    2
//         /      
//        2        
//       /
//      5
void Test3()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA1, pNodeA2, nullptr);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA2, pNodeA3, nullptr);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA3, pNodeA4, nullptr);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA4, pNodeA5, nullptr);

    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeB1, pNodeB2, nullptr);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeB2, pNodeB3, nullptr);

    Test("Test3", pNodeA1, pNodeB1, true);

    DestroyTree(pNodeA1);
    DestroyTree(pNodeB1);
}

// 树中结点只有左子结点，树B不是树A的子结构
//                8                  8
//              /                   / 
//             8                   9   
//           /                    /
//          9                    3
//         /      
//        2        
//       /
//      5
void Test4()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA1, pNodeA2, nullptr);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA2, pNodeA3, nullptr);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA3, pNodeA4, nullptr);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA4, pNodeA5, nullptr);

    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(3);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeB1, pNodeB2, nullptr);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeB2, pNodeB3, nullptr);

    Test("Test4", pNodeA1, pNodeB1, false);

    DestroyTree(pNodeA1);
    DestroyTree(pNodeB1);
}

// 树中结点只有右子结点，树B是树A的子结构
//       8                   8
//        \                   \ 
//         8                   9   
//          \                   \
//           9                   2
//            \      
//             2        
//              \
//               5
void Test5()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA1, nullptr, pNodeA2);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA2, nullptr, pNodeA3);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA3, nullptr, pNodeA4);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA4, nullptr, pNodeA5);

    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeB1, nullptr, pNodeB2);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeB2, nullptr, pNodeB3);

    Test("Test5", pNodeA1, pNodeB1, true);

    DestroyTree(pNodeA1);
    DestroyTree(pNodeB1);
}

// 树A中结点只有右子结点，树B不是树A的子结构
//       8                   8
//        \                   \ 
//         8                   9   
//          \                 / \
//           9               3   2
//            \      
//             2        
//              \
//               5
void Test6()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA1, nullptr, pNodeA2);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA2, nullptr, pNodeA3);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA3, nullptr, pNodeA4);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA4, nullptr, pNodeA5);

    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(3);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeB1, nullptr, pNodeB2);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeB2, pNodeB3, pNodeB4);

    Test("Test6", pNodeA1, pNodeB1, false);

    DestroyTree(pNodeA1);
    DestroyTree(pNodeB1);
}

// 树A为空树
void Test7()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(3);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeB4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeB1, nullptr, pNodeB2);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeB2, pNodeB3, pNodeB4);

    Test("Test7", nullptr, pNodeB1, false);

    DestroyTree(pNodeB1);
}

// 树B为空树
void Test8()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(3);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNodeA4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA1, nullptr, pNodeA2);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNodeA2, pNodeA3, pNodeA4);

    Test("Test8", pNodeA1, nullptr, false);

    DestroyTree(pNodeA1);
}

// 树A和树B都为空
void Test9()
{
    Test("Test9", nullptr, nullptr, false);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    Test1();
    Test2();
    Test3();
    Test4();
    Test5();
    Test6();
    Test7();
    Test8();
    Test9();

    return 0;
}