面试题27：二叉树的镜像

一、题目

请完成一个函数，输入一个二叉树，该函数输出它的镜像。

二、关键

三、解释

1.解题思路：先前序遍历这棵树的所有节点，如果遍历到的节点有子节点，就交换它的两个子节点。当交换完所有非叶节点的左、右节点之后，就得到了树的镜像。

2.（尚未证明）解题思路二：直接前序遍历，不过先遍历右边的，再遍历左边的；交换正常的前序遍历中的后面两步。

四、代码

#include <cstdio>
#include "..\Utilities\BinaryTree.h"
#include <stack>

void MirrorRecursively(BinaryTreeNode *pNode)
{
    if((pNode == nullptr) || (pNode->m_pLeft == nullptr && pNode->m_pRight))
        return;

    BinaryTreeNode *pTemp = pNode->m_pLeft;
    pNode->m_pLeft = pNode->m_pRight;
    pNode->m_pRight = pTemp;
    
    if(pNode->m_pLeft)
        MirrorRecursively(pNode->m_pLeft);  

    if(pNode->m_pRight)
        MirrorRecursively(pNode->m_pRight); 
}

void MirrorIteratively(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot)
{
    if(pRoot == nullptr)
        return;

    std::stack<BinaryTreeNode*> stackTreeNode;
    stackTreeNode.push(pRoot);

    while(stackTreeNode.size() > 0)
    {
        BinaryTreeNode *pNode = stackTreeNode.top();
        stackTreeNode.pop();

        BinaryTreeNode *pTemp = pNode->m_pLeft;
        pNode->m_pLeft = pNode->m_pRight;
        pNode->m_pRight = pTemp;

        if(pNode->m_pLeft)
            stackTreeNode.push(pNode->m_pLeft);

        if(pNode->m_pRight)
            stackTreeNode.push(pNode->m_pRight);
    }
}

// ====================测试代码====================
// 测试完全二叉树：除了叶子节点，其他节点都有两个子节点
//            8
//        6      10
//       5 7    9  11
void Test1()
{
    printf("=====Test1 starts:=====\n");
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode8 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode6 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(6);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode10 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(10);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode7 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(7);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode9 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(9);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode11 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(11);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode8, pNode6, pNode10);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode6, pNode5, pNode7);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode10, pNode9, pNode11);

    PrintTree(pNode8);

    printf("=====Test1: MirrorRecursively=====\n");
    MirrorRecursively(pNode8);
    PrintTree(pNode8);

    printf("=====Test1: MirrorIteratively=====\n");
    MirrorIteratively(pNode8);
    PrintTree(pNode8);

    DestroyTree(pNode8);
}

// 测试二叉树：出叶子结点之外，左右的结点都有且只有一个左子结点
//            8
//          7   
//        6 
//      5
//    4
void Test2()
{
    printf("=====Test2 starts:=====\n");
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode8 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode7 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(7);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode6 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(6);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode8, pNode7, nullptr);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode7, pNode6, nullptr);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode6, pNode5, nullptr);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode5, pNode4, nullptr);

    PrintTree(pNode8);

    printf("=====Test2: MirrorRecursively=====\n");
    MirrorRecursively(pNode8);
    PrintTree(pNode8);

    printf("=====Test2: MirrorIteratively=====\n");
    MirrorIteratively(pNode8);
    PrintTree(pNode8);

    DestroyTree(pNode8);
}

// 测试二叉树：出叶子结点之外，左右的结点都有且只有一个右子结点
//            8
//             7   
//              6 
//               5
//                4
void Test3()
{
    printf("=====Test3 starts:=====\n");
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode8 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode7 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(7);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode6 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(6);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode8, nullptr, pNode7);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode7, nullptr, pNode6);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode6, nullptr, pNode5);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode5, nullptr, pNode4);

    PrintTree(pNode8);

    printf("=====Test3: MirrorRecursively=====\n");
    MirrorRecursively(pNode8);
    PrintTree(pNode8);

    printf("=====Test3: MirrorIteratively=====\n");
    MirrorIteratively(pNode8);
    PrintTree(pNode8);

    DestroyTree(pNode8);
}

// 测试空二叉树：根结点为空指针
void Test4()
{
    printf("=====Test4 starts:=====\n");
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode = nullptr;

    PrintTree(pNode);

    printf("=====Test4: MirrorRecursively=====\n");
    MirrorRecursively(pNode);
    PrintTree(pNode);

    printf("=====Test4: MirrorIteratively=====\n");
    MirrorIteratively(pNode);
    PrintTree(pNode);
}

// 测试只有一个结点的二叉树
void Test5()
{
    printf("=====Test5 starts:=====\n");
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode8 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(8);

    PrintTree(pNode8);

    printf("=====Test4: MirrorRecursively=====\n");
    MirrorRecursively(pNode8);
    PrintTree(pNode8);

    printf("=====Test4: MirrorIteratively=====\n");
    MirrorIteratively(pNode8);
    PrintTree(pNode8);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    Test1();
    Test2();
    Test3();
    Test4();
    Test5();

    return 0;
}