二叉树中和为某一值的路径

   问题一:输入一棵二叉树和一个整数，打印出二叉树中结点值的和为输入整数的所有路径。二叉树结点的定义如下:

    struct   BinaryTreeNode

  {

         int      m_nValue;

        BinaryTreeNode * m_pLeft;

        BinaryTreeNode * m_pRight;

 };

详细的代码实现:

#include "stdafx.h"
#include "..\Utilities\BinaryTree.h"
#include <vector>

void FindPath(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot, int expectedSum, std::vector<int>& path, int& currentSum);

void FindPath(BinaryTreeNode* pRoot, int expectedSum)
{
    if(pRoot == NULL)
        return;

    std::vector<int> path;
    int currentSum = 0;
    FindPath(pRoot, expectedSum, path, currentSum);
}

void FindPath
(
    BinaryTreeNode*   pRoot,        
    int               expectedSum,  
    std::vector<int>& path,         
    int&              currentSum
)
{
    currentSum += pRoot->m_nValue;
    path.push_back(pRoot->m_nValue);

    // 如果是叶结点，并且路径上结点的和等于输入的值
    // 打印出这条路径
    bool isLeaf = pRoot->m_pLeft == NULL && pRoot->m_pRight == NULL;
    if(currentSum == expectedSum && isLeaf)
    {
        printf("A path is found: ");
        std::vector<int>::iterator iter = path.begin();
        for(; iter != path.end(); ++ iter)
            printf("%d\t", *iter);
        
        printf("\n");
    }

    // 如果不是叶结点，则遍历它的子结点
    if(pRoot->m_pLeft != NULL)
        FindPath(pRoot->m_pLeft, expectedSum, path, currentSum);
    if(pRoot->m_pRight != NULL)
        FindPath(pRoot->m_pRight, expectedSum, path, currentSum);

    // 在返回到父结点之前，在路径上删除当前结点，
    // 并在currentSum中减去当前结点的值
    currentSum -= pRoot->m_nValue;
    path.pop_back();
} 

// ====================测试代码====================
void Test(char* testName, BinaryTreeNode* pRoot, int expectedSum)
{
    if(testName != NULL)
        printf("%s begins:\n", testName);

    FindPath(pRoot, expectedSum);

    printf("\n");
}

//            10
//         /      \
//        5        12
//       /\        
//      4  7     
// 有两条路径上的结点和为22
void Test1()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode10 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(10);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode12 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(12);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode7 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(7);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode10, pNode5, pNode12);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode5, pNode4, pNode7);

    printf("Two paths should be found in Test1.\n");
    Test("Test1", pNode10, 22);

    DestroyTree(pNode10);
}

//            10
//         /      \
//        5        12
//       /\        
//      4  7     
// 没有路径上的结点和为15
void Test2()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode10 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(10);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode12 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(12);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode7 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(7);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode10, pNode5, pNode12);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode5, pNode4, pNode7);

    printf("No paths should be found in Test2.\n");
    Test("Test2", pNode10, 15);

    DestroyTree(pNode10);
}

//               5
//              /
//             4
//            /
//           3
//          /
//         2
//        /
//       1
// 有一条路径上面的结点和为15
void Test3()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(3);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(1);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode5, pNode4, NULL);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode4, pNode3, NULL);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode3, pNode2, NULL);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode2, pNode1, NULL);

    printf("One path should be found in Test3.\n");
    Test("Test3", pNode5, 15);

    DestroyTree(pNode5);
}

// 1
//  \
//   2
//    \
//     3
//      \
//       4
//        \
//         5
// 没有路径上面的结点和为16
void Test4()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(1);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode2 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(2);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode3 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(3);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode4 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(4);
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode5 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(5);

    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode1, NULL, pNode2);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode2, NULL, pNode3);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode3, NULL, pNode4);
    ConnectTreeNodes(pNode4, NULL, pNode5);

    printf("No paths should be found in Test4.\n");
    Test("Test4", pNode1, 16);

    DestroyTree(pNode1);
}

// 树中只有1个结点
void Test5()
{
    BinaryTreeNode* pNode1 = CreateBinaryTreeNode(1);

    printf("One path should be found in Test5.\n");
    Test("Test5", pNode1, 1);

    DestroyTree(pNode1);
}

// 树中没有结点
void Test6()
{
    printf("No paths should be found in Test6.\n");
    Test("Test6", NULL, 0);
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    Test1();
    Test2();
    Test3();
    Test4();
    Test5();
    Test6();

    return 0;
}

输出结果如下；

扩展:二叉搜索树的后序遍历

详细的代码实现:

#include "stdafx.h"

// BST：Binary Search Tree，二叉搜索树
bool VerifySquenceOfBST(int sequence[], int length)
{
    if(sequence == NULL || length <= 0)
        return false;

    int root = sequence[length - 1];

    // 在二叉搜索树中左子树的结点小于根结点
    int i = 0;
    for(; i < length - 1; ++ i)
    {
        if(sequence[i] > root)
            break;
    }

    // 在二叉搜索树中右子树的结点大于根结点
    int j = i;
    for(; j < length - 1; ++ j)
    {
        if(sequence[j] < root)
            return false;
    }

    // 判断左子树是不是二叉搜索树
    bool left = true;
    if(i > 0)
        left = VerifySquenceOfBST(sequence, i);

    // 判断右子树是不是二叉搜索树
    bool right = true;
    if(i < length - 1)
        right = VerifySquenceOfBST(sequence + i, length - i - 1);

    return (left && right);
}

// ====================测试代码====================
void Test(char* testName, int sequence[], int length, bool expected)
{
    if(testName != NULL)
        printf("%s begins: ", testName);

    if(VerifySquenceOfBST(sequence, length) == expected)
        printf("passed.\n");
    else
        printf("failed.\n");
}

//            10
//         /      \
//        6        14
//       /\        /\
//      4  8     12  16
void Test1()
{
    int data[] = {4, 8, 6, 12, 16, 14, 10};
    Test("Test1", data, sizeof(data)/sizeof(int), true);
}

//           5
//          / \
//         4   7
//            /
//           6
void Test2()
{
    int data[] = {4, 6, 7, 5};
    Test("Test2", data, sizeof(data)/sizeof(int), true);
}

//               5
//              /
//             4
//            /
//           3
//          /
//         2
//        /
//       1
void Test3()
{
    int data[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    Test("Test3", data, sizeof(data)/sizeof(int), true);
}

// 1
//  \
//   2
//    \
//     3
//      \
//       4
//        \
//         5
void Test4()
{
    int data[] = {5, 4, 3, 2, 1};
    Test("Test4", data, sizeof(data)/sizeof(int), true);
}

// 树中只有1个结点
void Test5()
{
    int data[] = {5};
    Test("Test5", data, sizeof(data)/sizeof(int), true);
}

void Test6()
{
    int data[] = {7, 4, 6, 5};
    Test("Test6", data, sizeof(data)/sizeof(int), false);
}

void Test7()
{
    int data[] = {4, 6, 12, 8, 16, 14, 10};
    Test("Test7", data, sizeof(data)/sizeof(int), false);
}

void Test8()
{
    Test("Test8", NULL, 0, false);
}

int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
    Test1();
    Test2();
    Test3();
    Test4();
    Test5();
    Test6();
    Test7();
    Test8();

    return 0;
}