[Leetcode 48, medium] Rotate Image

Problem:

You are given an n x n 2D matrix representing an image.

Rotate the image by 90 degrees (clockwise).

Follow up:
Could you do this in-place?

Analysis:

Solutions:

C++:

    void SwapClockwise(int &lu, int &lb, int &ru, int &rb)
    {
        swap(lu, ru);
        swap(lb, rb);
        swap(lu, rb);
    }

    void rotate(vector<vector<int> > &matrix) {
        int n = matrix.size();
        if(n <= 1)
            return;
            
        for(int upper = 0, lower = n - 1; upper < lower; ++upper, --lower) {
            for(int start = upper; start < lower; ++start) {
                int &lu = matrix[upper][start];
                int &ru = matrix[start][lower];
                int &lb = matrix[n - 1 - start][upper];
                int &rb = matrix[lower][n - 1 - start];
                
                SwapClockwise(lu, lb, ru, rb);
            }
        }
    }

Java :

Python: