二值图像分析笔记（7）—— 开闭操作

1 开操作

• 主要应用在二值图像分析，灰度图像也可以；
• 开操作 = 腐蚀 + 膨胀， 输入图像 + 结构元素

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• 有利于消除图像中的噪声点
• 分离不同的对象结构，基于不同的结构元素

2 闭操作

• 闭操作 = 膨胀 + 腐蚀
• 输入 ： 图像 + 结构元素
• 不同的结构元素得到不同的效果；

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• 有利于消除图像中的噪声点；
• 分离不同的对象结构；

3 开操作测试

• 腐蚀 ErosionFilter

package binimage.erosion;

import binimage.binary.BinaryFilter;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

public class ErosionFilter extends BinaryFilter {

    // 前景像素值
    private int fcolor;

    public ErosionFilter() {
        fcolor = 255;
    }

    @Override
    public BufferedImage process(BufferedImage image) {
        BufferedImage binImage = super.process(image);
        int width = binImage.getWidth();
        int height = binImage.getHeight();
        int[] pixels = new int[width * height];
        int[] output = new int[width * height];

        getRGB(binImage, 0, 0, width, height, pixels);
        System.arraycopy(pixels, 0, output, 0, pixels.length);

        int p1 = 0, p2 = 0, p3 = 0;
        int p4 = 0, p5 = 0, p6 = 0;
        int p7 = 0, p8 = 0, p9 = 0;
        int offset = 0;
        for (int row = 1; row < height - 1; row++) {
            offset = row * width;
            for (int col = 1; col < width - 1; col++) {
                p1 = (pixels[offset - width + col - 1] >> 16) & 0xff;
                p2 = (pixels[offset - width + col] >> 16) & 0xff;
                p3 = (pixels[offset - width + col + 1] >> 16) & 0xff;
                p4 = (pixels[offset + col - 1] >> 16) & 0xff;
                p5 = (pixels[offset + col] >> 16) & 0xff;
                p6 = (pixels[offset + col + 1] >> 16) & 0xff;
                p7 = (pixels[offset + width + col - 1] >> 16) & 0xff;
                p8 = (pixels[offset + width + col] >> 16) & 0xff;
                p9 = (pixels[offset + width + col + 1] >> 16) & 0xff;

                // 周围全是前景像素
                int sum = p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 + p6 + p7 + p8 + p9;
                int total = fcolor * 8;
                // 255 * 8 = 2040
                if (p5 == fcolor && sum != total) {
                    // 说明周围有一个是背景色，即黑色
                    int bc = 255 - fcolor;
                    output[offset + col] = (0xff << 24) | ((bc & 0xff) << 16) | ((bc & 0xff) << 8) | (bc & 0xff);
                }

            }
        }

        BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        setRGB(bi, 0, 0, width, height, output);

        return bi;

    }

    public int getFcolor() {
        return fcolor;
    }

    public void setFcolor(int fcolor) {
        this.fcolor = fcolor;
    }
}

• 膨胀 DilationFilter

package binimage.dilation;

import binimage.binary.BinaryFilter;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

public class DilationFilter extends BinaryFilter {
    // 前景像素值
    private int fcolor;

    public DilationFilter() {
        fcolor = 255;
    }

    @Override
    public BufferedImage process(BufferedImage image) {
        BufferedImage binImage = super.process(image);
        int width = binImage.getWidth();
        int height = binImage.getHeight();
        int[] pixels = new int[width * height];
        int[] output = new int[width * height];

        getRGB(binImage, 0, 0, width, height, pixels);
        System.arraycopy(pixels, 0, output, 0, pixels.length);

        int p1 = 0, p2 = 0, p3 = 0;
        int p4 = 0, p5 = 0, p6 = 0;
        int p7 = 0, p8 = 0, p9 = 0;
        int offset = 0;
        for (int row = 1; row < height - 1; row++) {
            offset = row * width;
            for (int col = 1; col < width - 1; col++) {
                p1 = (pixels[offset - width + col - 1] >> 16) & 0xff;
                p2 = (pixels[offset - width + col] >> 16) & 0xff;
                p3 = (pixels[offset - width + col + 1] >> 16) & 0xff;
                p4 = (pixels[offset + col - 1] >> 16) & 0xff;
                p5 = (pixels[offset + col] >> 16) & 0xff;
                p6 = (pixels[offset + col + 1] >> 16) & 0xff;
                p7 = (pixels[offset + width + col - 1] >> 16) & 0xff;
                p8 = (pixels[offset + width + col] >> 16) & 0xff;
                p9 = (pixels[offset + width + col + 1] >> 16) & 0xff;

                // 中心像素是背景像素
                int sum = p1 + p2 + p3 + p4 + p6 + p7 + p8 + p9;
                int bc = 255 - fcolor;
                int total = bc * 8;
                if (p5 == bc && sum != total) {
                    // 说明周围有一个是前景色，中心像素要设置为前景
                    output[offset + col] = (0xff << 24) | ((fcolor & 0xff) << 16) | ((fcolor & 0xff) << 8) | (fcolor & 0xff);
                }

            }
        }

        BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        setRGB(bi, 0, 0, width, height, output);

        return bi;

    }

    public int getFcolor() {
        return fcolor;
    }

    public void setFcolor(int fcolor) {
        this.fcolor = fcolor;
    }
}

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• 开操作 OpenFilter

package binimage.openclose;

import binimage.dilation.DilationFilter;
import binimage.erosion.ErosionFilter;
import binimage.utils.AbstractImageOptionFilter;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;

public class OpenFilter extends AbstractImageOptionFilter {

    private int fcolor;

    public int getFcolor() {
        return fcolor;
    }

    public void setFcolor(int fcolor) {
        this.fcolor = fcolor;
    }

    @Override
    public BufferedImage process(BufferedImage image) {

        ErosionFilter ef = new ErosionFilter();
        ef.setFcolor(fcolor);
        BufferedImage eimage = ef.process(image);

        DilationFilter df = new DilationFilter();
        df.setFcolor(fcolor);
        BufferedImage result = df.process(eimage);

        return result;
    }

}

• ImagePanel

package binimage.openclose;

import binimage.erosion.ErosionFilter;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

public class ImagePanel extends JComponent implements ActionListener {

    private BufferedImage image;
    private BufferedImage resultImage;

    private JButton processBtn;

    public ImagePanel(BufferedImage image) {
        this.image = image;
    }

    public JButton getButton() {
        processBtn = new JButton("按钮");
        processBtn.addActionListener(this);

        return processBtn;
    }

    @Override
    protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
        Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g;
        if (null != image) {
            g2d.drawImage(image, 0, 0, image.getWidth(), image.getHeight(), null);
        }

        if (resultImage != null) {
            g2d.drawImage(resultImage, image.getWidth() + 10, 0, resultImage.getWidth(), resultImage.getHeight(), null);
        }

    }

    public void process() {
        OpenFilter filter = new OpenFilter();
        filter.setFcolor(0); //  前景是黑色
        resultImage = filter.process(image);

    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        if (e.getSource() == processBtn) {
            this.process();
            this.repaint();
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        File file = new File("resource/num.png");

        try {
            BufferedImage image = ImageIO.read(file);

            ImagePanel imp = new ImagePanel(image);
            JFrame frame = new JFrame();
            frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
            frame.getContentPane().add(imp, BorderLayout.CENTER);
            frame.getContentPane().add(imp.getButton(), BorderLayout.SOUTH);
            frame.setSize(1000, 600);
            frame.setTitle("图像显示测试");
            frame.setVisible(true);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }


}