python---协程

协程

• 协程是单线程，由用户决定何时切换
• 必须头脑清晰地决策切换时机

协程库

• async def 定义协程函数
• await 从当前任务切出
• asyncio.create_task 创建任务
• asyncio.gather 收集结果，等待并按给定的顺序返回其结果
• asyncio.run 事件循环开启

生产者、消费者

import asyncio
import time

async def consumer(queue, id):
    while True:
        val = await queue.get()
        print("{} get: {}".format(id, val))
        await asyncio.sleep(1)

async def producer(queue, id):
    for i in range(3):
        await queue.put(i)
        print("{} put: {}".format(id, i))
        await asyncio.sleep(1)

async def main():
    queue = asyncio.Queue()

    consumer_1 = asyncio.create_task(consumer(queue, 'consumer_1'))
    consumer_2 = asyncio.create_task(consumer(queue, 'consumer_2'))

    producer_1 = asyncio.create_task(producer(queue, 'producer_1'))
    producer_2 = asyncio.create_task(producer(queue, 'producer_2'))

    await asyncio.gather(consumer_1, consumer_2, producer_1, producer_2)

asyncio.run(main())

运行结果：

producer_1 put: 0
producer_2 put: 0
consumer_1 get: 0
consumer_2 get: 0
producer_1 put: 1
producer_2 put: 1
consumer_1 get: 1
consumer_2 get: 1
producer_1 put: 2
producer_2 put: 2
consumer_1 get: 2
consumer_2 get: 2

参考
景霄. 揭秘 python 协程. https://time.geekbang.org/column/article/101855