一、ECMAScript-Symbol
1. 一种新的原始数据类型
Javascript语言有6中数据类型:Undefined、Null、布尔值(Boolean)、字符串(String)、数值(Number)、对象(Object),ES6引入了一种新的原始数据类型Symbol,表示独一无二的值,也就是第七种数据类型。
2. 声明方式
let s1 = Symbol()
let s2 = Symbol()
console.log(s1 === s2) // false
let s1 = Symbol('foo')
let s2 = Symbol('foo')
console.log(s1 === s2) // false
const obj = {
name: 'zhangsan',
toString() {
return this.name
}
}
let s = Symbol(obj)
console.log(s)
// Symbol不是一个对象
let s = Symbol()
s.name = 'zhangsan'
console.log(s) // Symbol()
// 使用描述字段
let s = Symbol('foo')
console.log(s.description)
// for声明的代表是同一个值,定义在全局环境中
let s1 = Symbol.for('foo')
let s2 = Symbol.for('foo')
console.log(s1 === s2) // true
const s1 = Symbol('foo')
console.log(Symbol.keyFor(s1)) // undefined
const s2 = Symbol.for('foo')
console.log(Symbol.keyFor(s2)) // foo
3. 遍历Symbol属性
// for in 无法遍历出Symbol属性
// Object.keys() 也不能
for(let key of Object.keys(user)) {
console.log(key)
}
// Object.getOwnPropertySymbols() 只能取到Symbol属性
for(let key of Object.getOwnPropertySymbols(user)) {
console.log(key) // Symbol(www.xxx.com)
}
// 两者都可以取到
for(let key of Reflect.ownKeys(user)) {
console.log(key) // name Symbol(www.xxx.com)
}
4. 应用场景
// 1. 描述一个班机信息乘客信息
// 一般性定义
const cust1 = 'zhangsan'
const cust2 = 'lisi'
const grade = {
[cust1]: {address: 'yyy', tel: '222'},
[cust2]: {address: 'zzz', tel: '111'}
}
console.log(grade) // 存在问题 cust2覆盖了cust1
// 使用Symbol
const cust1 = Symbol('zhangsan')
const cust2 = Symbol('lisi')
const grade = {
[cust1]: {address: 'yyy', tel: '222'},
[cust2]: {address: 'zzz', tel: '111'}
}
console.log(grade) // Symbol(lisi): {address: "zzz", tel: "111"} Symbol(zhangsan): {address: "yyy", tel: "222"}
console.log(grade[cust1]) // {address: "yyy", tel: "222"}
console.log(grade[cust2]) // {address: "zzz", tel: "111"}
// 2. 保护某些属性
const sym = Symbol('web')
class User {
constructor(name) {
this.name = name
this[sym] = 'www.xxx.com' // 需要保护的属性
}
getName() {
return this.name + this[sym]
}
}
const user = new User('zhangsan')
console.log(user.getName()) // zhangsanwww.xxx.com
// 消除魔术字符串
// 原始
function getArea(shape) {
let area = 0
switch (shape) {
case 'Triangle':
area = 1
break
case 'Circle':
area = 2
break
}
return area
}
console.log(getArea('Triangle'))
// 改造一
const shapeType = {
triangle: 'Triangle',
circle: 'Circle'
}
function getArea(shape) {
let area = 0
switch (shape) {
case shapeType.triangle:
area = 1
break
case shapeType.circle:
area = 2
break
}
return area
}
console.log(getArea(shapeType.triangle))
// 思考一个问题:shapeType中的属性具体值,我们真需要关心吗,我们只需要知道不一样就可以了
// 改造二:
const shapeType = {
triangle: Symbol(),
circle: Symbol()
}
function getArea(shape) {
let area = 0
switch (shape) {
case shapeType.triangle:
area = 1
break
case shapeType.circle:
area = 2
break
}
return area
}
console.log(getArea(shapeType.triangle))