项目1：实现复数类的运算符重载

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
template<class T>   //类声明前加模板的声明
class Complex
{
public:
    Complex( )
    {
        real=0;
        imag=0;
    }
    Complex(T r,T i)
    {
        real=r;    //类声明中的每一个T，将被对象定义时提供的实际类型代替
        imag=i;
    }
    Complex operator+(Complex &c2);
    Complex operator-(Complex &c2);
    Complex operator*(Complex &c2);
    Complex operator/(Complex &c2);
    void display( );
private:
    T real;    //数据成员的类型，也将被对象定义时提供的实际类型代替
    T imag;
};

//复数相加：(a+bi)+(c+di)=(a+c)+(b+d)i.
template<class T>   //每一个成员函数的定义前，必须要声明类模板
Complex<T> Complex<T>::operator+(Complex<T> &c2)   //使用了模板的类，将不再独立使用，其类名的完整表示为“类模板名<虚拟类型参数>”
{
    Complex<T> c;    //凡用到类名处也用“类模板名<虚拟类型参数>”形式；本题中求两个复数的和，自然要产生一个新的复数对象
    c.real=real+c2.real;
    c.imag=imag+c2.imag;
    return c;
}

//复数相减：(a+bi)-(c+di)=(a-c)+(b-d)i.
template <class T>
Complex<T> Complex<T>::operator-(Complex <T> &c2)
{
    Complex <T> c;
    c.real=real-c2.real;
    c.imag=imag-c2.imag;
    return c;
}

//复数相乘：(a+bi)(c+di)=(ac－bd)+(bc+ad)i.
template <class T>
Complex<T> Complex<T>::operator*(Complex <T> &c2)
{
    Complex <T> c;
    c.real=real*c2.real-imag*c2.imag;
    c.imag=imag*c2.real+real*c2.imag;
    return c;
}

//复数相除：(a+bi)/(c+di)=(ac+bd)/(c^2+d^2) +(bc-ad)/(c^2+d^2)i
template <class T>
Complex<T> Complex<T>::operator/(Complex <T> &c2)
{
    Complex <T> c;
    T d=c2.real*c2.real+c2.imag*c2.imag;
    c.real=(real*c2.real+imag*c2.imag)/d;       //此处有危险未排除：除法溢出
    c.imag=(imag*c2.real-real*c2.imag)/d;
    return c;
}

template<class T>
void Complex<T>::display( )
{
    cout<<"("<<real<<","<<imag<<"i)"<<endl;
}

int main()
{
    Complex<int> c1(3,4),c2(5,-10),c3;
    cout<<"c1=";
    c1.display();
    cout<<"c2=";
    c2.display();
    c3=c1+c2;
    cout<<"c1+c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1-c2;
    cout<<"c1-c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1*c2;
    cout<<"c1*c2=";
    c3.display();
    c3=c1/c2;
    cout<<"c1/c2=";
    c3.display();
    return 0;
}

运行结果：