Ansilbe自学笔记（五）Playbook

  YAML语法简介

> 在单一档案中，可用连续三个连字号(——)区分多个档案。
  另外，还有选择性的连续三个点号( ... )用来表示档案结尾
> 次行开始正常写Playbook的内容，一般建议写明该Playbook的功能
> 使用#号注释代码
> 缩进必须是统一的，不能空格和tab混用
> 缩进的级别也必须是一致的，同样的缩进代表同样的级别，程序判别配置的级别是通过缩进结合换行来实现的
> YAML文件内容是区别大小写的，k/v的值均需大小写敏感
> 多个k/v可同行写也可换行写，同行使用:分隔
> v可是个字符串，也可是另一个列表[]
> 一个完整的代码块功能需最少元素需包括 name 和 task
> 一个name只能包括一个task
> YAML文件扩展名通常为yml或yaml

 

 

  Playbook VS ShellScripts

SHELL脚本
#!/bin/bash
# 安装Apache
yum install --quiet -y httpd
# 复制配置文件
cp /tmp/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
cp/tmp/vhosts.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/
# 启动Apache，并设置开机启动
service httpd start
chkconfig httpd on

Playbook定义
---
- hosts: all
  remote_user: root
  
  tasks:
    - name: "安装Apache"
      yum: name=httpd       yum模块:安装httpd
    - name: "复制配置文件"
      copy: src=/tmp/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/  copy模块: 拷贝文件
    - name: "复制配置文件"
      copy: src=/tmp/vhosts.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf.d/  
    - name: "启动Apache，并设置开机启动"
      service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes   service模块: 启动服务 

  

示例：sysuser.yml
---
- hosts: all
  remote_user: root

  tasks:
    - name: create mysql user
      user: name=mysql system=yes uid=36
    - name: create a group
      group: name=httpd system=yes

 

示例 nginx.yml
- hosts: all
  remote_user: root

  tasks:
    - name: add group nginx
      user: name=nginx state=present
    - name: add user nginx
      user: name=nginx state=present group=nginx
    - name: Install Nginx
      yum: name=nginx state=present
    - name: Start Nginx
      service: name=nginx state=started enabled=yes

  

示例：httpd.yml
- hosts: websrvs
  remote_user: root

  tasks:
    - name: Install httpd
      yum: name=httpd state=present
    - name: Install configure file
      copy: src=files/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/
    - name: start service
      service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes

 

- hosts: websrvs
  remote_user: root

  tasks:
    - name: Install httpd
      yum: name=httpd state=present
    - name: Install configure file
      copy: src=files/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/
      notify: restart httpd
    - name: ensure apache is running
      service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes
  
  handlers:
    - name: restart httpd
      service: name=httpd state=restarted

  

示例：httpd.yml
- hosts: websrvs
  remote_user: root
  
  tasks:
    - name: Install httpd
      yum: name=httpd state=present
      tage: install 
    - name: Install configure file
      copy: src=files/httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/
      tags: conf
    - name: start httpd service
      tags: service
      service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes

ansible-playbook –t install,conf httpd.yml   指定执行install,conf 两个标签