solidity基础语法（三）结构体Structs和存储位置

solidity语法中的结构体Structs

pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

contract Todos {
    struct Todo {
        string text;
        bool completed;
    }

    // An array of 'Todo' structs
    Todo[] public todos;

    function create(string memory _text) public {
        // 3 ways to initialize a struct
        // - calling it like a function
        todos.push(Todo(_text, false));

        // key value mapping
        todos.push(Todo({text: _text, completed: false}));

        // initialize an empty struct and then update it
        Todo memory todo;
        todo.text = _text;
        // todo.completed initialized to false

        todos.push(todo);
    }

    // Solidity automatically created a getter for 'todos' so
    // you don't actually need this function.
    function get(uint _index) public view returns (string memory text, bool completed) {
        Todo storage todo = todos[_index];
        return (todo.text, todo.completed);
    }

    // update text
    function update(uint _index, string memory _text) public {
        Todo storage todo = todos[_index];
        todo.text = _text;
    }

    // update completed
    function toggleCompleted(uint _index) public {
        Todo storage todo = todos[_index];
        todo.completed = !todo.completed;
    }
}

solidity存储位置

标记存储位置一般用：Storage, Memory 和 Calldata

storage存储状态变量
memory存储局部变量
calldata局部变量，只能用在输入的参数中

pragma solidity ^0.8.10;

contract DataLocations {
    uint[] public arr;
    mapping(uint => address) map;
    struct MyStruct {
        uint foo;
    }
    mapping(uint => MyStruct) myStructs;

    function f() public {
        // call _f with state variables
        _f(arr, map, myStructs[1]);

        // get a struct from a mapping
        MyStruct storage myStruct = myStructs[1];
        // create a struct in memory
        MyStruct memory myMemStruct = MyStruct(0);
    }

    function _f(
        uint[] storage _arr,
        mapping(uint => address) storage _map,
        MyStruct storage _myStruct
    ) internal {
        // do something with storage variables
    }

    // You can return memory variables
    function g(uint[] memory _arr) public returns (uint[] memory) {
        // do something with memory array
    }

    function h(uint[] calldata _arr) external {
        // do something with calldata array
    }
}