Fabric1.4 三、创建第一个区块链

以下内容记录了基于Fabric 架构，利用docker容器创建一个简单的区块链案例（helloworld），并实现第一个智能合约（链码）。详细配置可以参考fabric-sample/first-network

1.环境准备

安装以下环境，详细安装过程上网搜索相关资料：

• git
• nodejs
• npm
• golang
• docker
• docker-compose

配置gopath环境变量,以mac系统为例,打开~/.bash_profile 添加下面内容：

    #go的安装路径
    export GOROOT=/usr/local/Cellar/go/1.13.4 #go安装包安装的路径 
    #hyperledger相关可运行文件，所在的目录，自己可以随意设置
    export GOPATH=$HOME/go   
    #一些其他与运行hyperledger fabric运行有关的可执行文件所在的目录
    export PATH=$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin:$PATH  

2.下载fabric资源

• 下载fabric

# 进入文件hyperledger文件路径
# /Users/zgq/go为GPATH 
cd /Users/zgq/go/src/github.com/hyperledger
git clone https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric.git
cd fabric
git tag #查看所有版本，点击q退出
git checkout v1.14.2 #切换到tag中你想要切换到的版本

• 下载fabric-samples

 
cd cd /Users/zgq/go/src 
# 从git上克隆fabric-samples ,里面有fabric例子
git clone https://github.com/hyperledger/fabric-samples.git
cd fabric-samples
git tag #查看所有版本，点击q退出
git checkout v1.14.2 #切换到fabric相同的版本

• 下载运行hyperledger fabric所需要的二进制文件

# 将$GOPATH/src/github.com/hyperledger/fabric/scripts/bootstrap.sh拷贝到 fabric-samples中
# 终端进入到 fabric-samples文件夹中
# 修改bootstrap.sh权限
chmod +x bootstrap.sh
#运行bootstrap.sh
./bootstrap.sh
# 系统会下载一堆docker镜像、和二进制文件。

二进制文件下载有时候会因为网络问题无法下载，可以通过这个网站手动下载。
https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric/hyperledger-fabric

https://nexus.hyperledger.org/content/repositories/releases/org/hyperledger/fabric-ca/hyperledger-fabric-ca

压缩包内有 bin 和 config 两个文件夹，将 bin 和 config 文件夹复制到 fabric-samples 文件夹内。

3. 体验Fabric区块链网络

你可以通过first-network来体验fabric网络。

进入fabric-samples/first-network,执行命令：

#生成网络
./byfn.sh generate

#启动
./byfn.sh up
 
#停止
./byfn.sh down

具体可参考 https://hyperledger-fabric.readthedocs.io/en/latest/build_network.html

4.创建Helloworld区块链网络

4.1 架构设计

本案例部署一个排序（orderer）服务，两个组织（org1，org2）和四个节点（peer）,每个组织包括两个节点, 另外每个组织一个ca（可选）。
需要五台计算机（也可以在一个主机上模拟，这里在一台mac环境搭建演示）架构配置如下：

• orderer.example.com

---

• peer0.org1.example.com
• peer1.org1.example.com
• ca.org1.example.com

---

• peer0.org2.example.com
• peer1.org2.example.com
• ca.org2.example.com

---

4.2 准备

#命令行进入到fabric-samples目录下
cd ~/go/src/fabric-samples

#新建helloworld目录
mkdir helloworld

#拷贝脚本到helloworld下方便操作
cp -r ../bin /bin

4.3 生成配置文件

配置文件主要包括证书和通道
生成后分别放在两个文件夹中：crypto-config、channel-artifacts

4.3.1 创建crypto-config.yaml

使用fabric提供的cryptogen工具生成文件模板

 ./bin/cryptogen showtemplate > crypto-config.yaml
 

修改crypto-config.yaml
,添加组织,和orderer节点。

# Copyright IBM Corp. All Rights Reserved.
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
#

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# "OrdererOrgs" - Definition of organizations managing orderer nodes
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
OrdererOrgs:
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # Orderer
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  - Name: Orderer
    Domain: example.com
    EnableNodeOUs: true
    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # "Specs" - See PeerOrgs below for complete description
    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Specs:
      - Hostname: orderer
      - Hostname: orderer2
      - Hostname: orderer3
      - Hostname: orderer4
      - Hostname: orderer5

# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# "PeerOrgs" - Definition of organizations managing peer nodes
# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
PeerOrgs:
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # Org1
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  - Name: Org1
    Domain: org1.example.com
    EnableNodeOUs: true
    Specs:
      - Hostname: peer0
      - Hostname: peer1
      - Hostname: peer2
      - Hostname: peer3
      - Hostname: peer4
    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # "Specs"
    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Uncomment this section to enable the explicit definition of hosts in your
    # configuration.  Most users will want to use Template, below
    #
    # Specs is an array of Spec entries.  Each Spec entry consists of two fields:
    #   - Hostname:   (Required) The desired hostname, sans the domain.
    #   - CommonName: (Optional) Specifies the template or explicit override for
    #                 the CN.  By default, this is the template:
    #
    #                              "{
   {.Hostname}}.{
   {.Domain}}"
    #
    #                 which obtains its values from the Spec.Hostname and
    #                 Org.Domain, respectively.
    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Specs:
    #   - Hostname: foo # implicitly "foo.org1.example.com"
    #     CommonName: foo27.org5.example.com # overrides Hostname-based FQDN set above
    #   - Hostname: bar
    #   - Hostname: baz
    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # "Template"
    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Allows for the definition of 1 or more hosts that are created sequentially
    # from a template. By default, this looks like "peer%d" from 0 to Count-1.
    # You may override the number of nodes (Count), the starting index (Start)
    # or the template used to construct the name (Hostname).
    #
    # Note: Template and Specs are not mutually exclusive.  You may define both
    # sections and the aggregate nodes will be created for you.  Take care with
    # name collisions
    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Template:
      Count: 2
      # Start: 5
      # Hostname: {
   {.Prefix}}{
   {.Index}} # default
    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # "Users"
    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Count: The number of user accounts _in addition_ to Admin
    # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Users:
      Count: 1
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  # Org2: See "Org1" for full specification
  # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  - Name: Org2
    Domain: org2.example.com
    EnableNodeOUs: true
    Specs:
      - Hostname: peer0
      - Hostname: peer1
      - Hostname: peer2
      - Hostname: peer3
      - Hostname: peer4
    Template:
      Count: 2
    Users:
      Count: 1

4.3.2 生成证书文件

cryptogen generate --config=./crypto-config.yaml

4.3.3 生成创世区块

首先要确保channel-artifacts文件夹存在，如果不存在需要手动创建，不然会报错。

configtxgen -profile TwoOrgsOrdererGenesis  -outputBlock ./channel-artifacts/genesis.block

4.3.4 生成通道配置文件

其中通道名mychannel可以修改为自己的名称

configtxgen -profile TwoOrgsChannel -outputCreateChannelTx ./channel-artifacts/mychannel.tx -channelID mychannel

4.3.5 生成锚节点配置文件

Org1

configtxgen -profile TwoOrgsChannel -outputAnchorPeersUpdate ./channel-artifacts/Org1MSPanchors.tx -channelID mychannel -asOrg Org1MSP

Org2

configtxgen -profile TwoOrgsChannel -outputAnchorPeersUpdate ./channel-artifacts/Org2MSPanchors.tx -channelID mychannel -asOrg Org2MSP

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