python 解析xml文件

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-07 13:43:27 发布

jolingcome

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-07 13:43:27 发布

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Element类型是一种灵活的容器对象，用于在内存中存储结构化数据。
［注意］xml.etree.ElementTree模块在应对恶意结构数据时显得并不安全。
每个element对象都具有以下属性：
　1. tag：string对象，表示数据代表的种类。
　2. attrib：dictionary对象，表示附有的属性。
　3. text：string对象，表示element的内容。
　4. tail：string对象，表示element闭合之后的尾迹。
　5. 若干子元素（child elements）。

<tag attrib1=1>text</tag>tail
1          2             3             4

Element中的遍历与查询

Element.iter(tag=None)：遍历该Element所有后代，也可以指定tag进行遍历寻找。
Element.findall(path)：查找当前元素下tag或path能够匹配的直系节点。
Element.find(path)：查找当前元素下tag或path能够匹配的首个直系节点。
Element.text: 获取当前元素的text值。
Element.get(key, default=None)：获取元素指定key对应的属性值，如果没有该属性，则返回default值。

Element对象

tag：string，元素代表的数据种类。
　　text：string，元素的内容。
　　tail：string，元素的尾形。
　　attrib：dictionary，元素的属性字典。
　　
　　＃针对属性的操作
　　clear()：清空元素的后代、属性、text和tail也设置为None。
　　get(key, default=None)：获取key对应的属性值，如该属性不存在则返回default值。
　　items()：根据属性字典返回一个列表，列表元素为(key, value）。
　　keys()：返回包含所有元素属性键的列表。
　　set(key, value)：设置新的属性键与值。

　　＃针对后代的操作
　　append(subelement)：添加直系子元素。
　　extend(subelements)：增加一串元素对象作为子元素。＃python2.7新特性
　　find(match)：寻找第一个匹配子元素，匹配对象可以为tag或path。
　　findall(match)：寻找所有匹配子元素，匹配对象可以为tag或path。
　　findtext(match)：寻找第一个匹配子元素，返回其text值。匹配对象可以为tag或path。
　　insert(index, element)：在指定位置插入子元素。
　　iter(tag=None)：生成遍历当前元素所有后代或者给定tag的后代的迭代器。＃python2.7新特性
　　iterfind(match)：根据tag或path查找所有的后代。
　　itertext()：遍历所有后代并返回text值。
　　remove(subelement)：删除子元素。

实例

xml文件内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<root>
    <title>导购码接口测试</title>
    <host>dgm.boweixin.com</host>
    <port>80</port>
    <No>[]</No>
    <InterfaceList>
        <params>
            <name type="str">account</name>
            <value>1</value>
            <must>2</must>
        </params>
        <params>
            <name type="int">userId</name>
            <value>3</value>
            <must>4</must>
        </params>
        <login>user_id</login>
        <isList>0</isList><id>1001</id>
        <name>登陆</name>
        <method>POST</method>
        <url>/Login</url>
        <hope>{"appStatus":{"errorCode":0,"message":"操作成功"},"content":[{"user_sex":0,"fk_user_city":440300,"user_id":30,"nickname":"18576759587","user_phone":"18576759587","head_picture":"http:\/\/dgm.boweixin.com\/","has_finance":1,"user_state":1}]}</hope>
        <login>user_id</login>
        <isList>0</isList>
    </InterfaceList>
    <InterfaceList>
      <params>
            <name type="str">account</name>
            <value>5</value>
            <must>6</must>
        </params>
        <params>
            <name type="int">userId</name>
            <value>7</value>
            <must>8</must>
        </params>
        <login>user_id</login>
                <id>10012</id>
        <name>登陆1</name>
        <method>POST1</method>
        <url>/Login1</url>
        <hope>{"appStatus":{"errorCode":0,"message":"操作成功"},"content":[{"user_sex":0,"fk_user_city":440300,"user_id":30,"nickname":"18576759587","user_phone":"18576759587","head_picture":"http:\/\/dgm.boweixin.com\/","has_finance":1,"user_state":1}]}</hope>
        <login>0</login>
        <isList>0</isList>
    </InterfaceList>
</root>

代码解析

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET
def getXML(xml):
    """
    """
    tree  = ET.parse(xml)
    root = tree.getroot()
    i_base = {}
    interfaceName = []
    i_base["title"] = root.find("title").text
    i_base["host"] =  root.find("host").text
    i_base["port"] = root.find("port").text
    i_base["No"] = root.find("No").text
    interfaceName.append(i_base)
    for elem in root.findall("InterfaceList"):
        i_app = {}
        i_app["id"] = elem.find('id').text
        i_app["name"] = elem.find('name').text
        i_app["method"] = elem.find('method').text
        i_app["url"] = elem.find('url').text
        i_app["hope"] = elem.find('hope').text
        i_app["login"] = elem.find('login').text
        i_app["isList"] = elem.find('isList').text
        interfaceName.append(i_app)
        for p in elem.findall("params"):
            print(p.find("name").attrib.get("type"))
            print(p.find("value").text)
            print(p.find("must").text)
    # print(interfaceName)
    return interfaceName
getXML("test4.xml")

转载：https://www.jianshu.com/p/96896b697ce4

（1）Parsing XML with lxml
xml文件内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<zAppointments reminder="15">
    <appointment>
        <begin>1181251680</begin>
        <uid>040000008200E000</uid>
        <alarmTime>1181572063</alarmTime>
        <state></state>
        <location></location>
        <duration>1800</duration>
        <subject>Bring pizza home</subject>
    </appointment>
    <appointment>
        <begin>1234360800</begin>
        <duration>1800</duration>
        <subject>Check MS Office website for updates</subject>
        <location></location>
        <uid>604f4792-eb89-478b-a14f-dd34d3cc6c21-1234360800</uid>
        <state>dismissed</state>
  </appointment>
</zAppointments>

from lxml import etree
from StringIO import StringIO
 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def parseXML(xmlFile):
    """
    Parse the xml
    """
    f = open(xmlFile)
    xml = f.read()
    f.close()
 
    tree = etree.parse(StringIO(xml))
    context = etree.iterparse(StringIO(xml))
    for action, elem in context:
        if not elem.text:
            text = "None"
        else:
            text = elem.text
        print elem.tag + " => " + text   
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    parseXML("example.xml")

（2）Parsing the Book Example

xml内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<catalog>
   <book id="bk101">
      <author>Gambardella, Matthew</author>
      <title>XML Developer's Guide</title>
      <genre>Computer</genre>
      <price>44.95</price>
      <publish_date>2000-10-01</publish_date>
      <description>An in-depth look at creating applications 
      with XML.</description>
   </book>
   <book id="bk102">
      <author>Ralls, Kim</author>
      <title>Midnight Rain</title>
      <genre>Fantasy</genre>
      <price>5.95</price>
      <publish_date>2000-12-16</publish_date>
      <description>A former architect battles corporate zombies, 
      an evil sorceress, and her own childhood to become queen 
      of the world.</description>
   </book>
   <book id="bk103">
      <author>Corets, Eva</author>
      <title>Maeve Ascendant</title>
      <genre>Fantasy</genre>
      <price>5.95</price>
      <publish_date>2000-11-17</publish_date>
      <description>After the collapse of a nanotechnology 
      society in England, the young survivors lay the 
      foundation for a new society.</description>
   </book>
   <book id="bk104">
      <author>Corets, Eva</author>
      <title>Oberon's Legacy</title>
      <genre>Fantasy</genre>
      <price>5.95</price>
      <publish_date>2001-03-10</publish_date>
      <description>In post-apocalypse England, the mysterious 
      agent known only as Oberon helps to create a new life 
      for the inhabitants of London. Sequel to Maeve 
      Ascendant.</description>
   </book>
   <book id="bk105">
      <author>Corets, Eva</author>
      <title>The Sundered Grail</title>
      <genre>Fantasy</genre>
      <price>5.95</price>
      <publish_date>2001-09-10</publish_date>
      <description>The two daughters of Maeve, half-sisters, 
      battle one another for control of England. Sequel to 
      Oberon's Legacy.</description>
   </book>
   <book id="bk106">
      <author>Randall, Cynthia</author>
      <title>Lover Birds</title>
      <genre>Romance</genre>
      <price>4.95</price>
      <publish_date>2000-09-02</publish_date>
      <description>When Carla meets Paul at an ornithology 
      conference, tempers fly as feathers get ruffled.</description>
   </book>
   <book id="bk107">
      <author>Thurman, Paula</author>
      <title>Splish Splash</title>
      <genre>Romance</genre>
      <price>4.95</price>
      <publish_date>2000-11-02</publish_date>
      <description>A deep sea diver finds true love twenty 
      thousand leagues beneath the sea.</description>
   </book>
   <book id="bk108">
      <author>Knorr, Stefan</author>
      <title>Creepy Crawlies</title>
      <genre>Horror</genre>
      <price>4.95</price>
      <publish_date>2000-12-06</publish_date>
      <description>An anthology of horror stories about roaches,
      centipedes, scorpions  and other insects.</description>
   </book>
   <book id="bk109">
      <author>Kress, Peter</author>
      <title>Paradox Lost</title>
      <genre>Science Fiction</genre>
      <price>6.95</price>
      <publish_date>2000-11-02</publish_date>
      <description>After an inadvertant trip through a Heisenberg
      Uncertainty Device, James Salway discovers the problems 
      of being quantum.</description>
   </book>
   <book id="bk110">
      <author>O'Brien, Tim</author>
      <title>Microsoft .NET: The Programming Bible</title>
      <genre>Computer</genre>
      <price>36.95</price>
      <publish_date>2000-12-09</publish_date>
      <description>Microsoft's .NET initiative is explored in 
      detail in this deep programmer's reference.</description>
   </book>
   <book id="bk111">
      <author>O'Brien, Tim</author>
      <title>MSXML3: A Comprehensive Guide</title>
      <genre>Computer</genre>
      <price>36.95</price>
      <publish_date>2000-12-01</publish_date>
      <description>The Microsoft MSXML3 parser is covered in 
      detail, with attention to XML DOM interfaces, XSLT processing, 
      SAX and more.</description>
   </book>
   <book id="bk112">
      <author>Galos, Mike</author>
      <title>Visual Studio 7: A Comprehensive Guide</title>
      <genre>Computer</genre>
      <price>49.95</price>
      <publish_date>2001-04-16</publish_date>
      <description>Microsoft Visual Studio 7 is explored in depth,
      looking at how Visual Basic, Visual C++, C#, and ASP+ are 
      integrated into a comprehensive development 
      environment.</description>
   </book>
</catalog>

代码如下：

from lxml import etree
from StringIO import StringIO
 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def parseBookXML(xmlFile):
 
    f = open(xmlFile)
    xml = f.read()
    f.close()
 
    tree = etree.parse(StringIO(xml))
    print tree.docinfo.doctype
    context = etree.iterparse(StringIO(xml))
    book_dict = {}
    books = []
    for action, elem in context:
        if not elem.text:
            text = "None"
        else:
            text = elem.text
        print elem.tag + " => " + text
        book_dict[elem.tag] = text
        if elem.tag == "book":
            books.append(book_dict)
            book_dict = {}
    return books
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    parseBookXML("example2.xml")

book_dict[elem.tag] = text

（3）Refactoring the Code：

from lxml import etree
 
#----------------------------------------------------------------------
def parseBookXML(xmlFile):
    """"""
 
    context = etree.iterparse(xmlFile)
    book_dict = {}
    books = []
    for action, elem in context:
        if not elem.text:
            text = "None"
        else:
            text = elem.text
        print elem.tag + " => " + text
        book_dict[elem.tag] = text
        if elem.tag == "book":
            books.append(book_dict)
            book_dict = {}
    return books
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    parseBookXML("example.xml")

转载：http://www.blog.pythonlibrary.org/2010/11/20/python-parsing-xml-with-lxml/

jolingcome

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python 解析xml文件

Element类型是一种灵活的容器对象，用于在内存中存储结构化数据。［注意］xml.etree.ElementTree模块在应对恶意结构数据时显得并不安全。每个element对象都具有以下属性：　1. tag：string对象，表示数据代表的种类。　2. attrib：dictionary对象，表示附有的属性。　3. text：string对象，表示element的内容。　4. tail：stri...
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