C++ 实验四

【实验目的】
1、掌握函数的定义和说明方法；
2、掌握函数调用时的传值调用、传址调用和引用调用方法；
3、掌握函数重载的方法；
4、学习使用指向字符串的指针变量；

5、掌握作用域的种类和范围；

函数的返回

• 返回非引用类型

当函数返回非引用类型时，其返回值可以是局部对象，也可以是求解表达式的结果: 编译器在调用函数的地会将函数返回值复制给临时对象（temporary），故可以返回局部对象

• 返回引用类型（引用是某块内存的别名；指针指向一块内存，它的内容是所指内存的地址）

当函数返回引用类型时，没有复制返回值，而是返回对象本身

！千万不要返回局部对象或变量的引用和指针

引用返回左值：这样的函数可用于任何要求使用左值的地方

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
string &get_val(string&s){
	return s;
}
/*string &get_val(string s){
	return s;
}*///error
int main(){	
	string s="hello";
	cout<<s<<endl;
	get_val(s)="hello world";//此处可以给函数返回值赋值
	cout<<s<<endl;
	return 0; 
}

1.

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
const double PI=3.1415926;
void conver(double r,double angle,double *x,double *y){
	*x=r*cos(angle);
	*y=r*sin(angle);
	cout<<"指针调用 ";
}
void conver(double r,double angle,double &x,double &y){
	x=r*cos(angle);
	y=r*sin(angle);
	cout<<"引用调用 ";
}
int main(){
	double r,angle;
	cout<<"输入半径：";
	cin>>r;
	cout<<"输入相角：";
	cin>>angle;
	angle=angle/180*PI;
	double x,y;
	double &xx=x;
	double &yy=y;
	conver(r,angle,xx,yy);
	cout<<"x:"<<x<<" y:"<<y<<endl;
	x=0;y=0;
	conver(r,angle,&x,&y);
	cout<<"x:"<<x<<" y:"<<y<<endl;
	return 0;
}

2.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
struct complexNum{
	double real,imaginary;
};
double product(double a,double b){
	return a*b;
}
complexNum product(complexNum a,complexNum b){
	complexNum result;
	result.real=a.real*b.real-a.imaginary*b.imaginary;
	result.imaginary=a.imaginary*b.real+a.real*b.imaginary;
	return result;
}
int main(){
	double x,y;
	complexNum c1,c2;
	cout<<"输入一对浮点数: ";
	cin>>x>>y;
	cout<<"输入一对复数(即输入：实部1 虚部1 实部2 虚部2): ";
	cin>>c1.real>>c1.imaginary>>c2.real>>c2.imaginary;
	cout<<"浮点数相乘结果: "<<product(x,y)<<endl;
	complexNum c3=product(c1,c2);
	cout<<"复数相乘结果："<<c3.real<<"+"<<c3.imaginary<<"j"<<endl;
	return 0;
}

3.

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
const double PI=3.1415926;
using namespace std;
struct Date{
	int year,month,day;
};
double compute_emotional_index(int days){
	return sin(2*PI/28*days);
}
double compute_physiological_index(int days){
	return sin(2*PI/23*days);
}
double  compute_mentality_index(int days){
	return sin(2*PI/33*days);
}
bool isLeap(int year){
	if(year%4==0 && year%100!=0 || year%400==0)
		return true;
	else
		return false;
}
int computeday(Date birth,Date current){

	const int DAYS_LEAP=366;
	const int DAYS_NONLEAP=365;
	int mDays[13]={0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};
	int days=0,i;
	if(isLeap(birth.year)){
		mDays[2]=29;
	}
	days+=mDays[birth.month]-birth.day;
	for(i=birth.month+1;i<13;i++){
		days+=mDays[i];
	}
	for(i=birth.year+1;i<current.year;i++){
		days+=(isLeap(i)?DAYS_LEAP:DAYS_NONLEAP);
	}
	if(isLeap(current.year))
		mDays[2]=29;
	else
		mDays[2]=28;
	for(i=1;i<current.month;i++){
		days+=mDays[i];
	}
	days+=current.day;
	return days;
}
int main(){	
	Date birth,current;
	int days;
	cout<<"Input Birthday (e.g.1994 1 1): ";
	cin>>birth.year>>birth.month>>birth.day;
	cout<<"Input your day (e.g.2013 1 1): ";
	cin>>current.year>>current.month>>current.day;
	days=computeday(birth,current);
	cout<<current.year<<"年"<<current.month<<"月"<<current.day<<"日的生物节律指数: "<<compute_emotional_index(days)+compute_mentality_index(days)+compute_physiological_index(days)<<endl;
	return 0; 
}