POJ1001 Exponentiation

题目描述
总时间限制: 500ms 内存限制: 65536kB
描述
Problems involving the computation of exact values of very large magnitude and precision are common. For example, the computation of the national debt is a taxing experience for many computer systems.

This problem requires that you write a program to compute the exact value of Rnwhere R is a real number ( 0.0 < R < 99.999 ) and n is an integer such that 0 < n <= 25.
输入
The input will consist of a set of pairs of values for R and n. The R value will occupy columns 1 through 6, and the n value will be in columns 8 and 9.
输出
The output will consist of one line for each line of input giving the exact value of R^n. Leading zeros should be suppressed in the output. Insignificant trailing zeros must not be printed. Don’t print the decimal point if the result is an integer.
样例输入
95.123 12
0.4321 20
5.1234 15
6.7592 9
98.999 10
1.0100 12
样例输出
548815620517731830194541.899025343415715973535967221869852721
.00000005148554641076956121994511276767154838481760200726351203835429763013462401
43992025569.928573701266488041146654993318703707511666295476720493953024
29448126.764121021618164430206909037173276672
90429072743629540498.107596019456651774561044010001
1.126825030131969720661201
题目分析：
此处要求得是R^n，使用double型容易发生溢出，考虑到Java提供的BigDecimal，使用Java自带的大数幂运算。同时，java的BigDecimal提供了stripTrailingZeros()方法可以去除大数末尾的0。

• 大数的toPlainString()方法 VS toString()方法：
  toPlainString可以输出数值，而toString()方法则会使其变为科学计数法输出。

代码如下

import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class Exponentiation {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        BigDecimal R;
        int n;
        while (scanner.hasNext()) {
            R= scanner.nextBigDecimal();
            n = scanner.nextInt();
            R = R.pow(n);
            String str = R.stripTrailingZeros().toPlainString();
            if (str.startsWith("0."))
                str = str.substring(1);
            System.out.println(str);
        }

    }
}