Android 7.0 Nougat FileUriExposedException 图片裁剪 文件分享

FileUriExposedException错误原因

对于面向 Android N 的应用，Android 框架执行的 StrictMode API 政策禁止向您的应用外公开 file:// URI。 如果一项包含文件 URI 的 Intent 离开您的应用，应用失败，并出现 FileUriExposedException 异常。

若要在应用间共享文件，您应发送一项 content:// URI，并授予 URI 临时访问权限。 进行此授权的最简单方式是使用 FileProvider 类。 如需有关权限和共享文件的更多信息，请参阅共享文件。

以图片裁剪作为示例的解决办法

AndroidManifest.xml application标签中添加

<provider
    android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
    android:authorities="dream.go.provider"
    android:exported="false"
    android:grantUriPermissions="true">
    <meta-data
        android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
        android:resource="@xml/provider_paths"/>
</provider>

provider_paths.xml 位于res/xml文件夹中
详细解释参见FileProvider 类

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
    <external-path name="images" path="."/>
</paths>

BaseActivity.java
核心是将file uri的获取方式由fromfile改变为由FileProvider.getUriForFile获取，并对该欲发送的uri授予读写权限，并将接收该uri的目的App的PackageName通过grantUriPermission（）函数进行设置。

File tempFile = new File(dir.getAbsolutePath(), PHOTO_FILE_NAME);
Uri photoURI = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context, "dream.go.provider", tempFile);
crop(photoURI);

    //Android N crop image
    public void crop(Uri uri) {
        context.grantUriPermission("com.android.camera",uri,
        Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION |    Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
        Intent intent = new Intent("com.android.camera.action.CROP");
        intent.setDataAndType(uri, "image/*");
        //Android N need set permission to uri otherwise system 
        //camera don't has permission to access file wait crop
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
        intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION);
        intent.putExtra("crop", "true");
        //The proportion of the crop box is 1:1
        intent.putExtra("aspectX", 1);
        intent.putExtra("aspectY", 1);
        //Crop the output image size
        intent.putExtra("outputX", 800);
        intent.putExtra("outputY", 800);
        //image type
        intent.putExtra("outputFormat", "JPEG");
        intent.putExtra("noFaceDetection", true);
        //true - don't return uri |  false - return uri
        intent.putExtra("return-data", true);
        intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, uri);
        startActivityForResult(intent, PHOTO_REQUEST_CUT);
    }

使用图库选择图片时，需要使用getRealPathFromURI函数将uri转换为实际的文件地址，再将文件拷贝出来进行操作，不然会由于文件没有写权限而导致裁剪失败

    //file uri to real location in filesystem
    public String getRealPathFromURI(Uri contentURI) {
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(contentURI, null, null, null, null);
        if (cursor == null) {
            // Source is Dropbox or other similar local file path
            return contentURI.getPath();
        } else {
            cursor.moveToFirst();
            int idx = cursor.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Images.ImageColumns.DATA);
            return cursor.getString(idx);
        }
    }

补充下Android7.0版本的文件分享代码，Android7.0版本许多第三方App还没有做兼容，所以分享之后其它App没有接收到也不要大惊小怪啦……

Intent intent2 = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
Uri uri2;
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 24) {
    // only for VERSION android N
    showToast("您正在使用Android 7.0版本文件分享Beta版,可能会发生错误,请悉知!");
    uri2 = FileProvider.getUriForFile(context, "dream.go.provider", file);
    intent2.setDataAndType(uri2,getContentResolver().getType(uri2));
    intent2.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
    intent2.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, current_file);
    intent2.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM,  uri2);

    //Using the grantUriPermission method we need to provide 
    //the package name of the app we want to grant
    // the permission to. However, when sharing, usually 
    //we don't know what application the sharing destination is
    List<ResolveInfo> resInfoList = getPackageManager().queryIntentActivities(intent2, 0);
    for (ResolveInfo resolveInfo : resInfoList) {
        String packageName = resolveInfo.activityInfo.packageName;
        Log.e("sharefile",packageName);
        context.grantUriPermission(packageName, uri2, Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION | Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION);
    }
}else {
    uri2 = Uri.fromFile(file);
    //can't use getContentResolver().getType(uri2) as type
    intent2.setType("*/*");
    intent2.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, current_file);
    intent2.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM,  Uri.fromFile(file));
}

Log.e("sharefile",uri2.toString());
if (intent2.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null)
    //show as a friendly select dialog with TitleName is current_file
    startActivity(Intent.createChooser(intent2, current_file));
else
    showToast("分享失败");