android Camera API1+HAL1 open camera流程 & Android M

Camera API2从android 5.0就已经支持了，API1早已经被谷歌标记为过时了，谷歌也一直在推camera API2，并且前不久伴随着Android 10的发布，谷歌推出了CameraX 库，为了更方便的使用API2。但目前仍然有很多camera相关的应用因为一开始使用的就是API1，业务框架流程都已经稳定，不会耗费人力去迁移camera API2。所以在很长一段时间内，camera API1还是会有应用在使用，当然后续API2也会分析的，毕竟这是大趋势。

本文是基于android 6.0源码，搭配camera HAL1进行分析，这对Android 8.0之前的系统来说都是通用的。android 8.0以后加入了Treble机制，cameraService层和HAL层之间加入了一层Camera HIDL层，流程和结构上发生了些变化，但核心没变，后续有时间会分析下。android 9.0以后的新设备都必须升级到HAL3，后续也会分析HAL3，这也是大势所趋。

尽管camera api1的的相关流程都已经被写烂了，之所以还写，一是想作为一个自己学习的记录，慢慢培养写东西的习惯；二是只有自己真正的去理一遍代码流程，才能真正的搞清楚代码逻辑，印象也更加深刻，就好比只看代码是永远也学不会编程的，必须要实操。

0 创建camera framework层实例

camera API1的接口简单易用，现在依然有很多人喜欢使用这套接口快捷的编写camera apk。本文应用相关的代码来源于android develop 官方示例。

// 官方示例
/** A safe way to get an instance of the Camera object. */
public static Camera getCameraInstance(){
   
    Camera c = null;
    try {
   
        c = Camera.open(); // attempt to get a Camera instance
    }
    catch (Exception e){
   
        // Camera is not available (in use or does not exist)
    }
    return c; // returns null if camera is unavailable
}

• frameworks/base/core/java/android/hardware/Camera.java
• 获取当前设备挂载的camera个数，查询后置摄像头并创建camera实例

    public static Camera open() {
   
        int numberOfCameras = getNumberOfCameras();
        CameraInfo cameraInfo = new CameraInfo();
        for (int i = 0; i < numberOfCameras; i++) {
   
            getCameraInfo(i, cameraInfo);
            if (cameraInfo.facing == CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK) {
   
                return new Camera(i);
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
    /** used by Camera#open, Camera#open(int) */
    Camera(int cameraId) {
   
        int err = cameraInitNormal(cameraId);
        if (checkInitErrors(err)) {
   
            if (err == -EACCES) {
   
                throw new RuntimeException("Fail to connect to camera service");
            } else if (err == -ENODEV) {
   
                throw new RuntimeException("Camera initialization failed");
            }
            // Should never hit this.
            throw new RuntimeException("Unknown camera error");
        }
    }
    private int cameraInitNormal(int cameraId) {
   
        return cameraInitVersion(cameraId, CAMERA_HAL_API_VERSION_NORMAL_CONNECT);
    }

• 注意上面的实参是CAMERA_HAL_API_VERSION_NORMAL_CONNECT，后面会用到
• native_setup 是本地函数调用，函数实现在JNI层

    private int cameraInitVersion(int cameraId, int halVersion) {
   
		....
        return native_setup(new WeakReference<Camera>(this), cameraId, halVersion,
                ActivityThread.currentOpPackageName());
    }

1 camera 本地设置

• frameworks/base/core/jni/android_hardware_Camera.cpp

  {
    "native_setup",
    "(Ljava/lang/Object;IILjava/lang/String;)I",
    (void*)android_hardware_Camera_native_setup },

// connect to camera service
static jint android_hardware_Camera_native_setup(JNIEnv *env, jobject thiz,
    jobject weak_this, jint cameraId, jint halVersion, jstring clientPackageName)
{
   
  ……
    sp<Camera> camera;
    if (halVersion == CAMERA_HAL_API_VERSION_NORMAL_CONNECT) {
     
        // Default path: hal version is don't care, do normal camera connect.
        camera = Camera::connect(cameraId, clientName,
                Camera::USE_CALLING_UID, Camera::USE_CALLING_PID);   1-1
    } else {
   
        jint status = Camera::connectLegacy(cameraId, halVersion, clientName,
                Camera::USE_CALLING_UID, camera);
        if (status != NO_ERROR) {
   
            return status;
        }
    }
   ……
    // We use a weak reference so the Camera object can be garbage collected.
    // The reference is only used as a proxy for callbacks.
    sp<JNICameraContext> context = new JNICameraContext(env, weak_this, clazz, camera);  1-2
    context->incStrong((void*)android_hardware_Camera_native_setup);
    camera->setListener(context); 	1-3
 } 

• 因为之前传入的API版本是CAMERA_HAL_API_VERSION_NORMAL_CONNECT，所以会调用1-1处的Camera::connect，这个函数是个静态函数，直接用类名调用
• 1-2处的JNICameraContext继承了CameraListener，负责回调拍照、预览、录像等数据。
• 1-3设置监听对象，供camera数据回调

2 Camera本地客户端层

2.1 Camera::connect

• frameworks/av/camera/Camera.cpp
• frameworks/av/camera/CameraBase.cpp

// Camera.cpp
sp<Camera> Camera::connect(int cameraId, const String16& clientPackageName,
        int clientUid, int clientPid)
{
   
    return CameraBaseT::connect(cameraId, clientPackageName, clientUid, clientPid);
}

// CameraBase.cpp
template <typename TCam, typename TCamTraits>
sp<TCam> CameraBase<TCam, TCamTraits>::connect(int cameraId,
                                               const String16& clientPackageName,
                                               int clientUid)
{
   
    ALOGV("%s: connect", __FUNCTION__);
    sp<TCam> c = new TCam(cameraId);
    sp<TCamCallbacks> cl = c;
    status_t status = NO_ERROR;
    const sp<ICameraService>& cs = getCameraService();	2-1

    if (cs != 0) {
   
        TCamConnectService fnConnectService = TCamTraits::fnConnectService;
        status = (cs.get()->connect)(cl, cameraId, clientPackageName, clientUid,   /*out*/ c->mCamera); 	2-2
    }
    if