自适应阈值化 AdaptiveThreshold

转自：http://blog.csdn.net/superdont/article/details/6661994

自适应阈值化的函数为：

AdaptiveThreshold

自适应阈值方法

void cvAdaptiveThreshold( const CvArr* src, CvArr* dst, double max_value,
                          int adaptive_method=CV_ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C,
                          int threshold_type=CV_THRESH_BINARY,
                          int block_size=3, double param1=5 );

src

输入图像.

dst

输出图像.

max_value

使用 CV_THRESH_BINARY 和 CV_THRESH_BINARY_INV 的最大值.

adaptive_method

自适应阈值算法使用：CV_ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C 或 CV_ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C （见讨论）.

threshold_type

取阈值类型：必须是下者之一

• CV_THRESH_BINARY,
• CV_THRESH_BINARY_INV

block_size

用来计算阈值的象素邻域大小: 3, 5, 7, ...

param1

与方法有关的参数。对方法 CV_ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C 和 CV_ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C， 它是一个从均值或加权均值提取的常数（见讨论）, 尽管它可以是负数。

函数 cvAdaptiveThreshold 将灰度图像变换到二值图像，采用下面公式：

threshold_type=CV_THRESH_BINARY:
dst(x,y) = max_value, if src(x,y)>T(x,y)
           0, otherwise

threshold_type=CV_THRESH_BINARY_INV:
dst(x,y) = 0, if src(x,y)>T(x,y)
           max_value, otherwise

其中 TI 是为每一个象素点单独计算的阈值

对方法 CV_ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C，先求出块中的均值，再减掉param1。

对方法 CV_ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C ，先求出块中的加权和(gaussian)， 再减掉param1。

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下面的例题对阈值化和自适应阈值化进行了比较：

[cpp] view plain copy print ?

1. #include "StdAfx.h"
2. #include <cv.h>
3. #include <highgui.h>
4. #include <math.h>
5. IplImage* Igray = 0;
6. IplImage* It = 0;
7. IplImage* Iat;
8. void main()
9. {
10. Igray = cvLoadImage("lena.png", CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE);
11. It = cvCreateImage(cvSize(Igray->width, Igray->height),IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);
12. Iat = cvCreateImage(cvSize(Igray->width, Igray->height),IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);
13. cvThreshold(Igray, It, 150, 255,CV_THRESH_BINARY);
14. cvAdaptiveThreshold(Igray, Iat, 255, CV_ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C, CV_THRESH_BINARY, 3, 5);
15. cvNamedWindow("orignal", 1);
16. cvNamedWindow("threshold", 1);
17. cvNamedWindow("adaptiveThresh", 1);
18. cvShowImage("orignal", Igray);
19. cvShowImage("threshold", It);
20. cvShowImage("adaptiveThresh", Iat);
21. cvWaitKey(0);
22. cvReleaseImage(&Igray);
23. cvReleaseImage(&It);
24. cvReleaseImage(&Iat);
25. cvDestroyWindow("orignal");
26. cvDestroyWindow("threshold");
27. cvDestroyWindow("adaptiveThresh");
29. }

#include "StdAfx.h"
#include <cv.h>  
#include <highgui.h>  
#include <math.h>  
IplImage* Igray = 0;  
IplImage* It = 0;  
IplImage* Iat;  
void main()  
{  
    Igray = cvLoadImage("lena.png", CV_LOAD_IMAGE_GRAYSCALE);  
    It = cvCreateImage(cvSize(Igray->width, Igray->height),IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);  
    Iat = cvCreateImage(cvSize(Igray->width, Igray->height),IPL_DEPTH_8U, 1);  
    cvThreshold(Igray, It, 150, 255,CV_THRESH_BINARY);  
    cvAdaptiveThreshold(Igray, Iat, 255, CV_ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C, CV_THRESH_BINARY, 3, 5);  
    cvNamedWindow("orignal", 1);  
    cvNamedWindow("threshold", 1);  
    cvNamedWindow("adaptiveThresh", 1);  
    cvShowImage("orignal", Igray);  
    cvShowImage("threshold", It);  
    cvShowImage("adaptiveThresh", Iat);  
    cvWaitKey(0);  
    cvReleaseImage(&Igray);  
    cvReleaseImage(&It);  
    cvReleaseImage(&Iat);  
    cvDestroyWindow("orignal");  
    cvDestroyWindow("threshold");  
    cvDestroyWindow("adaptiveThresh");  
  
}  

运算结果为：

参考文献：

1.学习OpenCV，于仕祺，刘瑞祯，清华大学出版社，pp.159-161

2.http://blog.csdn.net/cartoonface/article/details/6011334

3.http://www.opencv.org.cn/index.php/Cv%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86#AdaptiveThreshold