kubeadm安装k8s

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已于 2025-06-06 18:07:29 修改

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文章标签： kubernetes 容器云原生

于 2025-06-06 16:45:24 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u012533920/article/details/148477600

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1、环境准备

1.1、升级系统内核

参考另一篇文章：https://blog.csdn.net/u012533920/article/details/148457715?spm=1011.2415.3001.5331

1.2、设置Hostname

cat <<EOF > /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1         localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.10.20 k8s-20
192.168.10.21 k8s-21
192.168.10.22 k8s-22
192.168.10.23 k8s-23
EOF

#以下命令行分别在每台虚拟机执行：
hostnamectl set-hostname <每台虚拟机的hostname>

1.3、关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service

1.4、添加 aliyun 源

cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF

1.5、重置yum源

yum clean all
yum makecache

1.6、同步时间

timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
yum install ntpdate -y
ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com
#可设置定时任务定时同步时间

1.7、关闭交换分区

sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab  
swapoff -a

1.8、关闭selinux

setenforce 0
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config

1.9、永久添加模块

cat <<EOF > /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
overlay
br_netfilter
modprobe br_netfilter
modprobe overlay
EOF

lsmod | grep br_netfilter

1.10、修改内核参数

cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
EOF

#这个命令的作用是应用 k8s.conf 文件中的内核参数设置，并且开启网络桥接的防火墙功能。其中 k8s.conf 文件中的内容包括以下三个参数设置：
#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 表示开启防火墙功能。
#net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 表示开启 IPV6 的防火墙功能。
#net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 表示开启 IP 转发功能。

sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
#重新加载内核参数配置文件，以确保这些设置生效。
sysctl --system

1.11、安装ipvs模块

yum -y install ipset ipvsadm

cat <<EOF > /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules
modprobe -- ip_vs
modprobe -- ip_vs_rr
modprobe -- ip_vs_wrr
modprobe -- ip_vs_sh：
modprobe -- nf_conntrack
EOF

chmod 755 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && bash /etc/sysconfig/modules/ipvs.modules && lsmod | grep -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack

1.12、安装基础包

yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 wget net-tools nfs-utils lrzsz gcc gcc-c++ make cmake libxml2-devel openssl-devel curl curl-devel unzip sudo ntp libaio-devel wget vim ncurses-devel autoconf automake zlibdevel python-devel epel-release openssh-server socat ipvsadm conntrack ntpdate telnet ipvsadm

2、cri-docker配置

cat << EOF >/usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.service
[Unit]
Description=CRI Interface for Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.mirantis.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service docker.service
Wants=network-online.target
Requires=cri-docker.socket

[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/cri-dockerd --network-plugin=cni --pod-infra-container-image=registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.9
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
TimeoutSec=0
RestartSec=2
Restart=always
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity
TasksMax=infinity
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF



cat << EOF > /usr/lib/systemd/system/cri-docker.socket
[Unit]
Description=CRI Docker Socket for the API
PartOf=cri-docker.service

[Socket]
ListenStream=%t/cri-dockerd.sock
SocketMode=0660
SocketUser=root
SocketGroup=docker

[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target
EOF



##########把以上两份脚本复制到集群中的其他主机################

systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable cri-docker --now
systemctl is-active cri-docker

3、安装kubernetes

yum install -y kubelet-1.28.2 kubeadm-1.28.2 kubectl-1.28.2
systemctl enable --now kubelet

kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.28.2 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --cri-socket unix:///var/run/cri-dockerd.sock

4、安装网络插件 - Flannel

kubectl apply -f https://github.com/flannel-io/flannel/releases/latest/download/kube-flannel.yml

测试网络的例子：

vi nginx.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1 
kind: StatefulSet #资源类型
metadata:
  name: web
spec:
  serviceName: "nginx" #看这里，思考：为什么多一个这个字段？
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nginx
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.9.1
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          name: web

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service #资源类型
metadata:
  name: nginx
  labels:
    app: nginx
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 80
    name: web
  clusterIP: None # 为none，思考一下
  selector:
    app: nginx


kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml


#以上执行完后,执行以下命令:
kubectl run busybox --image busybox:1.28.4  --image-pull-policy=IfNotPresent --restart=Never --rm -it busybox -- sh
If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
/ # nslookup web-0.nginx.default.svc.cluster.local
Server:    10.96.0.10
Address 1: 10.96.0.10 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

Name:      web-0.nginx.default.svc.cluster.local
Address 1: 10.244.3.2 web-0.nginx.default.svc.cluster.local

5、创建默认的存储卷类

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: kube-system        #根据实际环境设定namespace,下面类同
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["storageclasses"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["events"]
    verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: run-nfs-client-provisioner
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nfs-client-provisioner
    # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
    namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
    # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: kube-system
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["endpoints"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
---
kind: RoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nfs-client-provisioner
    # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
    namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  kind: Role
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: nfs-storageclass
  annotations:
    storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "true"
provisioner: nfs-storage-provisioner #这里的名称要和provisioner配置文件中的环境变量PROVISIONER_NAME保持一致
parameters:
#  archiveOnDelete: "false"
  archiveOnDelete: "true"
reclaimPolicy: Retain
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
  labels:
    app: nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: kube-system  #与RBAC文件中的namespace保持一致
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nfs-client-provisioner
  strategy:
    type: Recreate
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nfs-client-provisioner
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nfs-client-provisioner
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: nfs-client-provisioner
      containers:
        - name: nfs-client-provisioner
          #image: quay.io/external_storage/nfs-client-provisioner:latest
          #这里特别注意，在k8s-1.20以后版本中使用上面提供的包，并不好用，这里我折腾了好久，才解决，后来在官方的github上，别人提的问题中建议使用下面这个包才解决的，我这里是下载后，传到我自已的仓库里
          image: k8s.m.daocloud.io/sig-storage/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner:v4.0.2
          # image: easzlab/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner:v4.0.1 
          # image: registry-op.test.cn/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner:v4.0.1
          volumeMounts:
            - name: nfs-client-root
              mountPath: /persistentvolumes
          env:
            - name: PROVISIONER_NAME
              value: nfs-storage-provisioner  #provisioner名称,请确保该名称与 nfs-StorageClass.yaml文件中的provisioner名称保持一致
            - name: NFS_SERVER
              value: 192.168.10.20  #NFS Server IP地址
            - name: NFS_PATH
              value: "/nfs/data"    #NFS挂载卷
      volumes:
        - name: nfs-client-root
          nfs:
            server: 192.168.10.20  #NFS Server IP地址
            path: "/nfs/data"     #NFS 挂载卷